ISRO's recent launch of the GSAT-N2 satellite, also referred to as GSAT-20, marks a significant advancement in India's satellite technology and global collaboration in space. Launched by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket on November 19, 2024, this satellite is poised to enhance broadband connectivity across India, particularly in underserved regions.

The Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) GSAT-N2 satellite is set to change the global landscape of satellite communication and technology. Launched by US space major SpaceX as the most powerful Indian launch vehicle LVM-3 has a limitation of placing into orbit satellites weighing not more than 4,000 Kg, whereas N2 weight is 4,7000 Kg. This ground-breaking satellite could redefine how we access digital content across the globe. Developed by the ISRO, GSAT-N2 promises to integrate cutting-edge technologies to enhance connectivity and digital access, reported a Spanish web portal.

GSAT-N2 stands out for its integration of new propulsion systems and advanced payload capabilities, aiming to deliver higher bandwidth and increased coverage area. This next-generation satellite is designed to support high-throughput communications, which is crucial for managing the rising demand for data transmission in rural and urban settings alike.

Weighing 4,700 kg, GSAT-N2 is the heaviest satellite launched by ISRO to date. It operates in the Ka-band and boasts a data transmission capacity of 48 Gbps. The satellite is equipped with 32 user beams, including 8 narrow spot beams for the Northeast region and 24 wide spot beams for broader coverage across India. This design allows for frequency reuse, significantly improving communication throughput. GSAT-N2 has a projected operational life of 14 years, during which it will support various initiatives, including India's Smart Cities mission and enhance in-flight connectivity services.

The collaboration with SpaceX represents a strategic shift for ISRO. Historically reliant on Arianespace for launching heavy satellites, ISRO turned to SpaceX due to its current launch vehicle limitations; India's indigenous LVM-3 rocket can only handle payloads up to 4,000 kg. This partnership not only reflects ISRO's need for more robust launch capabilities but also signifies a growing trend towards commercial collaborations in space technology.

The successful deployment of GSAT-N2 is expected to have far-reaching impacts:

By providing high-speed internet access to remote areas, the satellite aims to bridge the digital divide in India, supporting both individual users and larger infrastructure projects.

GSAT-N2's design ensures that it can provide broadband services to underserved regions, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep. By extending connectivity to these remote areas, the satellite aims to bridge the digital divide in India.

N2 will play a major role in the integration with smart cities. The satellite will support India's Smart Cities initiative by enhancing communication infrastructure necessary for smart city applications. This includes enabling better connectivity for various services and applications that rely on robust data transmission capabilities.

GSAT-N2 is also set to improve in-flight connectivity (IFC) services, making it possible for airlines operating in Indian airspace to offer better internet access to passengers. This feature is expected to cater to both domestic and international flights, enhancing the overall travel experience.

The launch is part of India's broader strategy to bolster its digital economy and improve communication services nationwide, which is crucial for socio-economic development.

GSAT-N2 is designed as a Ka-band high-throughput satellite (HTS), providing a substantial throughput capacity of approximately 48 Gbps. This high capacity is crucial for meeting the increasing demand for data services across the country, including both urban and rural areas.

32 User Beams: The satellite is equipped with 32 user beams (Multi-Beam Architecture), consisting of 8 narrow spot beams focused on the Northeast region and 24 wide spot beams covering the rest of India. This multi-beam architecture allows for efficient frequency reuse, which greatly enhances system throughput and enables robust broadband coverage even in remote areas.

This mission sets a precedent for future collaborations between ISRO and private space companies like SpaceX, potentially leading to more cost-effective and efficient space missions.

GSAT-N2 satellite not only enhances India's communication capabilities but also marks a pivotal moment in its space exploration journey, showcasing how international partnerships can drive technological advancement and improve national infrastructure.