The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has set a target for the launch of its first space docking experiment, known as the Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX), for mid-December 2024. This mission represents a significant step in developing autonomous docking technology, which is crucial for India's future space exploration endeavours.

Mission Details

- Launch Date: Scheduled for December 15, 2024
- Launch Vehicle: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV C63)
- Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota
- Satellites: The mission involves two satellites, referred to as the ‘Chaser’ and the ‘Target’, each weighing approximately 400 kg

These satellites will be launched together but will operate in slightly different orbits to facilitate the docking process

Objectives

The Primary Goals of The SPADEX Mission Include:

Autonomous Docking: Demonstrating the ability of two spacecraft to locate and connect with each other in orbit.
Formation Flying: Testing how well the combined spacecraft can maintain stability and control after docking.
Payload Testing: Carrying various scientific payloads to conduct experiments during the mission.

This experiment is pivotal for ISRO as it lays the groundwork for future missions, including the planned Indian space station and the Chandrayaan-4 lunar mission, which aims to collect lunar samples.

Significance of SPADEX

The successful execution of SPADEX will position India among a select group of countries capable of performing complex space docking operations, which have been primarily developed by the United States, Russia, and China. Mastering this technology is essential for various applications:

Extending the operational life of expensive satellites by enabling docking for refuelling or repairs
Facilitating assembly and maintenance of future space stations
Supporting complex missions that require multiple spacecraft to work together

In summary, ISRO's upcoming SPADEX mission is a crucial milestone in advancing India's capabilities in space exploration and technology. The successful demonstration of these docking techniques will enhance India's position in global space endeavours and open new avenues for scientific research and collaboration.

About Space Docking

It’s the process of two individual spacecraft, manned or unmanned, locating each other and physically connecting in space and, thereafter, operating as a single unit. The joint purpose could be replenishment, repair and crew exchange. They can be later separated by command. The US, Russia & China have so far developed this technology.