The first docking will involve 2 400 kgs satellites, Future docking of space station modules of BAS

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is gearing up for a historic mission, the Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX). The effort will take India a step closer to autonomous docking technology, an essential element for the country's growing space ambitions. Docking systems allow two spacecraft to connect in orbit, enabling important operations like assembling space stations and transferring astronauts or cargo.

The SPADEX mission will see two vehicles, the 'Chaser' and the 'Target,' dock in space. The stability and control of the combined spacecraft after docking will also be tested. This experiment is critical for ISRO to hone the skills required for advanced missions such as human spaceflight and lunar sample returns. Mastering these docking techniques is critical for such ambitious operations, making SPADEX a cornerstone of India's future space exploration plans.

Hyderabad-based aerospace and defence company Ananth Technologies has successfully completed the satellite integration project for ISRO. This is the first time an Indian private company has fully assembled, integrated, and tested satellites at a private facility. The two 400kg satellites were delivered to the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Bangalore, marking a major milestone in India's space sector reforms encouraging private sector participation.

Space expert Girish Linganna emphasized the importance of docking in handling space stations and conducting complicated space projects. He said when two satellites come close to each other at high speeds, they have to coordinate carefully to avoid colliding. Once aligned, the satellites connect to create a bigger system, allowing for more complex operations and letting multiple components work together. This widens the possibilities of what can be done in space beyond the capabilities of a single satellite.

The SPADEX mission will send two satellites into space on a single rocket, putting them in slightly different orbits. This arrangement will be used to test how well the satellites can approach, align, and dock with one another in orbit. The two satellites will perform a 'space handshake,' where they connect and attach mechanically to become a single unit in orbit. This experiment is critical for mastering docking techniques required for Chandrayaan-4 and India's proposed Bharatiya Antariksha Space Station.

The history of docking systems goes back to the Cold War, when the Soviet Union accomplished the first successful docking in space. Since then, docking technology has come a long way with automation. Russia's Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, which service the ISS, have very reliable automated docking systems. NASA's Commercial Crew Program also employs automated systems for compatibility across different space missions. China has its own Tianzhou cargo spacecraft that autonomously docks with the Tiangong space station.

(With Inputs From Agencies)