Move now puts Boeing's Super Hornet in the running against Lockheed Martin and SAAB's single-engine planes. The Indian government's latest change of heart is a major opportunity for Boeing, whose only foreign customer for the Super Hornet (above) so far is the Royal Australian Air Force

BOEING CO, considered the frontrunner in the race to supply the Indian navy with new fighter jets, is now in contention for a much bigger US$15 billion order after the government abruptly asked the air force to consider the twin-engine planes.

Until recently, Lockheed Martin Corp's F-16 and SAAB AB's Gripen were in a two-horse race to supply at least 100 single-engine jets to build up the Indian Air Force's fast-depleting combat fleet.

Both had offered to build the planes in India in collaboration with local companies as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's drive to build a domestic industrial base and cut back on arms imports.

But last month, the government asked the air force to open up the competition to twin-engine aircraft and to evaluate Boeing's F/A-18 Super Hornet, a defence ministry source said. That jet is a finalist for the Indian navy's US$8-9 billion contract for 57 fighters.

The defence ministry plans to issue a request for information (RFI) within weeks. That is the first stage of a procurement process, for a fighter to be built in India. The competition will be open to both single and twin-engine jets, the official said, but both Lockheed and SAAB said that they had not been informed about the new requirements.

The latest change of heart is a major opportunity for Boeing, whose only foreign Super Hornet customer so far is the Royal Australian Air Force.

It also illustrates how dysfunctional the weapons procurement process and arms industry are in the world's second-most-populous country. The need for new fighters has been known for nearly 15 years, but after many announcements, twists and turns, the country's air force has only three-quarters of the aircraft that it needs.

An indigenous light combat aircraft, the Tejas, is still not operational, 35 years after it was first proposed.

An Indian Air Force (IAF) source said that fighter procurement was urgent - the branch's operational strength has fallen to just 33 squadrons, its weakest level in four decades, as it decommissions Soviet-era MiG-21s.

"The IAF wants the RFI issued within weeks and get the process started," said the source, who declined to be identified because he was not authorised to speak to the media. "The problem is that government keeps shifting what it wants."

Over the next decade, 13 more squadrons will be retired as their aircraft age out of service, parliament's standing committee on defence said in a December report.

The defence ministry declined to comment on the air force's aircraft modernisation programme, saying that it was not in a position to do so.

Lockheed, which had offered to shift its F-16 production line in Fort Worth, Texas, to India, said that it had not been told of any change to the Indian plan for single-engine fighters.

"Our proposed F-16 partnership with India stands firm," the company said. Last year, it picked Tata Advanced Systems as its local partner and said that it was in talks with dozens of firms to build up the supplier network.

"The government of India has not yet issued formal requirements but we are continuing to support government-to-government discussions, and engage with Indian companies about F-16 industrial opportunities," Lockheed said.

Sweden's SAAB was also caught off guard. "We have seen the reports in the Indian media, but no new formal communication has been made to us regarding the fighter programme," said Rob Hewson, SAAB Asia-Pacific's head of communications.

France's Dassault Systemes SE's Rafale, the Eurofighter Typhoon and Russian aircraft are also potential contenders under the new requirements, the air force source and industry analysts said.

Harry Harris, the head of US Pacific Command, told the US House Armed Services Committee last month that India was considering the stealthy F-35, among other options. But the Indian air force said that no request had been made to Lockheed for even a briefing on the aircraft.

An order the size of India's is rare. The only comparable opportunity for the Super Hornet is Canada's request for 88 fighters, which could be worth as much as US$14.6 billion.

The Indian air force competition has echoes of a 2007 tender for 126 medium multi-role combat aircraft, for which Dassault was selected for exclusive negotiations. But the talks quickly bogged down over local production and prices, and in the end, the government ordered just 36 Rafales in 2016 for US$8.7 billion.

The air force ideally would like a combination of lighter single-engine and twin-engine jets, as well as stealthy aircraft, but cannot afford such a range of foreign systems, analysts said. A twin-engine foreign fighter would perhaps offer the best value while the Tejas finishes development, they added.

India's annual defence capital procurement budget of US$14-15 billion has to be spread over the army, navy, air force and the indigenous defence research organisation.

"The operational costs are going up with increased manpower, higher wages and general inflation. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) doesn't have the luxury to go for too many platforms despite the rapidly falling squadron strength of the air force," said Amber Dubey, partner and India head of aerospace and defence at global consultancy KPMG.

Boeing India president Pratyush Kumar said that the company was ready to respond to any request from the air force. "We will follow the MoD's lead on their process, and will be responsive to their needs if we are asked to provide any information," he said. Mr Kumar said that Boeing was committed to building the planes in India and had offered to help with India's plans to develop its own advanced medium combat aircraft.

But the experience with the Rafale contract has made experts sceptical that the latest tender will proceed as planned. Richard Bitzinger, visiting senior fellow at Singapore's S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, said that he did not expect a resolution in even the next two to three years.

"I am never surprised by what the Indians do when it comes to their procurement tenders. They are constantly changing the rules, changing their minds, and often even cancelling orders mid-way through," he said. "The Indians have a remarkable knack for snatching defeat from the jaws of victory."