IAF's MTA Showdown: C-390 Vs C-130J In Race For 60-Ton Tactical Airlift

Embraer's C-390 Millennium medium-size, twin-engine, jet-powered military transport aircraft

India's quest to modernise its tactical airlift capabilities has reignited a fierce competition between two prominent medium transport aircraft: Embraer's C-390 Millennium and Lockheed Martin's C-130J Super Hercules.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) seeks to procure 60 new aircraft under the Medium Transport Aircraft (MTA) programme, aiming to phase out ageing Soviet-era platforms like the Antonov An-32 and partially relieve the overburdened Ilyushin Il-76 fleet.

This procurement drive stems from the pressing need to replace the An-32s, acquired in the mid-1980s, which now grapple with escalating maintenance demands and scarce spare parts. The Il-76, despite its larger capacity, incurs prohibitive operating costs, prompting the IAF to explore more efficient alternatives that can shoulder some of its roles without the associated financial strain.

The MTA program recently secured approval from the Defence Procurement Board (DPB), led by Defence Secretary R. K. Singh. This endorsement paves the way for submission to the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) for Acceptance of Need (AoN), marking a critical step towards bidding, trials, negotiations, and contract finalisation.

Valued at approximately 100 billion rupees, the initiative will proceed under the "Buy and Make" framework. This entails procuring 12 aircraft directly from the original manufacturer for swift induction, with the remaining 48 built locally in collaboration with Indian industry, aligning seamlessly with New Delhi's push for self-reliance and bolstering the domestic defence manufacturing ecosystem.

Operational imperatives dominate the IAF's requirements. The selected aircraft must excel in high-altitude operations and short or semi-prepared runways, vital for forward bases in challenging terrains like Ladakh and India's north-eastern frontiers. These capabilities are indispensable for rapid troop and equipment deployment amid ongoing border tensions.

Three frontrunners have emerged in this contest. Embraer's C-390 Millennium, a modern jet-powered transport, boasts a payload of around 26 tonnes, emphasising speed, efficiency, and advanced avionics. Lockheed Martin's C-130J Super Hercules, already a familiar asset in IAF service, offers proven reliability with a 20-tonne payload, underscoring its tactical versatility honed over decades.

Airbus has also entered the fray with the A400M Atlas, a heavier-lift option exceeding 30 tonnes. However, its scale positions it somewhat beyond the IAF's core MTA specifications, potentially tilting the scales towards the C-390 and C-130J as more tailored fits for medium transport needs.

Industrial partnerships form a cornerstone of each bid, reflecting India's strategic emphasis on technology transfer and local production. Embraer has allied with Mahindra Defence, leveraging the latter's growing prowess in aerospace manufacturing. Lockheed Martin, meanwhile, enjoys a robust tie-up with TATA Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), where it already conducts significant production activities, including C-130J components.

Defence insiders stress that the verdict will hinge not merely on raw performance metrics but on a holistic ecosystem. Technology transfer, in-country manufacturing, and lifecycle sustainment emerge as decisive factors. As one source noted, the choice encompasses the full support infrastructure, ensuring long-term operational sovereignty and cost-effectiveness.

The MTA program carries the scars of past setbacks, including a aborted joint venture with Russia that faltered amid geopolitical shifts and performance shortfalls. Recent DPB clearance injects fresh momentum, addressing years of delays at a juncture when fleet modernisation is non-negotiable for the IAF's combat readiness.

This competition arrives amid broader IAF transformation efforts, where indigenous initiatives like the HAL C-295 complement imported solutions. The MTA winner could redefine tactical airlift doctrine, enhancing logistics in contested environments while fostering private sector growth in India's defence corridors.

Ultimately, the outcome will signal New Delhi's procurement priorities—balancing proven incumbents against innovative challengers—while advancing the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision in aerospace.

Agencies

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Airbus Forecasts 1,000+ Helicopters For India Amid Local H-125 Assembly Milestone

Airbus anticipates a substantial surge in demand for helicopters within India, forecasting the need for over 1,000 civil helicopters across the next two decades. This projection underscores the vast untapped potential in a market where helicopter penetration remains minimal compared to global standards, reported Hindu Businessline.

A senior executive at Airbus Helicopters, Sunny Guglani, who heads operations in India and South Asia, highlighted the accelerating momentum in the sector. He noted that helicopter inductions in India expanded rapidly in 2025, with more than 30 deliveries recorded. The registry for non-scheduled helicopters climbed from 213 to 225 during that calendar year.

Guglani dismissed concerns that this uptick represents a fleeting anomaly. Instead, he pointed to enduring business prospects bolstered by supportive government policies. India's helicopter density ranks among the world's lowest, signalling immense opportunities to bridge transportation deficits, enhance public services, bolster national security, improve disaster response, and invigorate tourism in the globe's swiftest-growing major economy.

The recent inauguration of a final assembly line for Airbus H-125 helicopters in Karnataka marks a pivotal milestone. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron officiated the virtual launch last month. This facility boasts an annual capacity of 10 helicopters, catering to both domestic demands and those in South Asia, with the inaugural "Made in India" unit slated for delivery in 2027.

Viability of the Karnataka plant hinges not solely on defence orders, according to Airbus projections. The company envisions demand for over 1,000 civil helicopters in India over 20 years, half of which will be single-engine models. The H-125, already the region's most favoured helicopter, stands poised to capture a dominant share of this burgeoning market.

Beyond civilian applications, the Indian armed forces foresee requirements for hundreds of helicopters. Guglani emphasised the civil sector's readiness to expand from its modest foundation. For military needs, the H-125M variant emerges as a transformative option.

Intense competition brews among original equipment manufacturers. Airbus has allied with the Tata Group, while Bell Textron and Leonardo pursue bids, the latter partnering with the Adani Group. These consortia aim to supplant India's ageing Cheetah and Chetak fleets through indigenous production.

Guglani asserted the H-125's superiority, particularly its military iteration. Notably, it holds the distinction of landing atop Mount Everest, a feat unmatched by rivals. This prowess proves invaluable for Indian forces operating in extreme hot-and-high terrains.

The H-125's versatility extends to challenging environments prevalent along India's borders and in remote regions. Such capabilities could redefine operational effectiveness for the military, aligning with broader indigenisation drives under initiatives like Make in India.

Government backing, including eased regulations and infrastructure investments, further fuels this trajectory. Airbus's optimistic outlook aligns with India's economic ascent and strategic imperatives, positioning helicopters as enablers of connectivity and resilience.

As deliveries accelerate and local manufacturing takes root, stakeholders anticipate a paradigm shift. The synergy of foreign expertise and Indian enterprise promises to elevate the nation's rotorcraft ecosystem, addressing longstanding gaps in aerial mobility.

HBL

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India’s Journey From Imported To Indigenous Atomic Clocks: Securing The Future of Satellite Navigation

An atomic clock is a highly sophisticated timekeeping device that relies on the resonant frequency of atomic transitions in elements such as rubidium, cesium, or hydrogen.

Unlike conventional quartz-based clocks, which can drift by a second in just a few days, atomic clocks are so precise that they gain or lose only one second in about 100 million years.

This extraordinary accuracy makes them indispensable for navigation satellites, where even a nanosecond’s error can translate into a positional deviation of around 30 centimetres on Earth. Given the speed and distance at which satellites orbit, such precision is non-negotiable for reliable navigation services.

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as NavIC, has relied on atomic clocks since its inception. The IRNSS-1F satellite, launched in March 2016, carried an imported Swiss-made rubidium atomic clock.

After completing its design mission life of ten years, the clock ceased functioning in March 2026. While the satellite will continue to provide limited services such as one-way broadcast messaging, the failure of its atomic clock means it can no longer contribute to accurate navigation. This underlines the critical role atomic clocks play in sustaining the integrity of satellite-based positioning systems.

Earlier generations of ISRO’s navigation satellites used Swiss Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standards (RAFS) supplied by SpectraTime. Each satellite carried three clocks for redundancy, but several of these failed prematurely, not only in Indian satellites but also in Europe’s Galileo constellation. 

Investigations by the European Space Agency in 2017 suggested that short circuits, possibly triggered during ground testing, were responsible for these failures. This created significant challenges for both ISRO and ESA, as navigation systems cannot function without precise timing signals.

Recognising the risks of dependence on imported technology, India embarked on developing its own indigenous atomic clocks. The Indian Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (iRAFS) project began in the mid-2010s, and by 2022–23, the clocks had achieved full qualification.

These were first deployed on the NVS-01 satellite, launched in May 2023, and have since performed flawlessly. All subsequent satellites in the NVS series now carry iRAFS units, ensuring that India no longer relies on foreign suppliers for this critical technology. The indigenous clocks are compact, radiation-hardened, and designed to withstand the harsh conditions of space, with a lifespan of 10–15 years.

India’s efforts in atomic clock development are not limited to satellites. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research’s National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL) developed India’s first indigenous atomic clocks between 2008 and 2011, including cesium fountain and rubidium clocks.

These are used to maintain Indian Standard Time (IST) with an accuracy of 2.8 nanoseconds, enabling India to independently uphold its national timekeeping standard. This achievement reflects the country’s growing self-reliance in advanced scientific instrumentation.

The story of IRNSS-1F’s clock failure highlights both the vulnerability of imported technology and the importance of indigenous innovation.

Atomic clocks are the backbone of satellite navigation systems, and their reliability directly determines the accuracy of positioning services. India’s successful transition to home-grown atomic clocks marks a significant milestone in its space programme, ensuring continuity of navigation services and strengthening national technological sovereignty.

Agencies

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Pakistan's Chinese HQ-9B Missiles And Radars Exposed As Ineffective In Clash With India's Robust Air Defence During Ops Sindoor

A recent report highlighted by the American outlet The Hill has cast serious doubts on the battlefield efficacy of Chinese-manufactured HQ-9B surface-to-air missile systems deployed by Pakistan, Zee News reported.

During India's Operation Sindoor last year, these systems reportedly failed to track or neutralise Indian strikes over four consecutive days, underscoring vulnerabilities in Beijing's exported defence technology.

The operation unfolded on 7-8 May 2025, as a precise tri-service response to the Pahalgam terror attack that claimed 26 lives. Indian forces targeted terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, executing a non-escalatory mission that highlighted New Delhi's strategic restraint amid escalating tensions.

According to the cited analysis, Pakistan's HQ-9B batteries—often touted as competitors to Western systems like the Patriot—proved utterly ineffective. The report starkly noted that the missiles "were unable to defend, destroy or track anything," leaving Pakistani airspace exposed to Indian incursions.

This dismal performance aligns with broader critiques of the HQ-9B, known domestically in China as the "Red Flag 9." Modelled on Russia's S-300 and elements of the US Patriot, the system promises multi-target engagement at ranges up to 200 kilometres. Yet, real-world tests appear to reveal critical shortcomings in radar integration and electronic warfare resistance.

India, by contrast, leveraged a sophisticated layered air defence architecture. The Russian-supplied S-400 Triumf, rebranded as Sudarshan in Indian service, provided long-range interception capabilities, while the homegrown Akash system handled medium-range threats with commendable precision.

Eyewitness accounts and post-operation assessments suggest these Indian assets successfully downed Pakistani aircraft, drones, and incoming missiles. The Akash, in particular, demonstrated high single-shot kill probabilities, bolstered by recent upgrades incorporating active radar seekers.

The HQ-9B's failures were compounded by supporting Chinese radar systems, such as the JY-27A, which reportedly went "blind, deaf and mute" under combat stress. Paraded prominently in Pakistani military displays, these assets faltered when confronted with India's spectrum of low-observable munitions and decoys.

This is not an isolated incident. Similar lapses have plagued Chinese exports elsewhere. In Venezuela, JY-series radars allegedly missed US aircraft during a prior incursion, while Iran's Chinese-augmented networks crumbled amid Operation Epic Fury—a US-led strike that reportedly eliminated Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and key commanders.

Such repeated underperformance has eroded trust among Beijing's arms clients. Pakistan, Egypt, Azerbaijan, and Iran have poured billions into these systems, only to question their value in high-intensity scenarios. For Pakistan, the Sindoor debacle amplifies procurement risks tied to over-reliance on Chinese hardware.

The implications ripple through global defence markets. Nations eyeing cost-effective alternatives to Western tech now scrutinise Chinese claims more rigorously. India's success, meanwhile, validates its Atmanirbhar Bharat push, with indigenous systems like Akash-NG poised for export.

In South Asia, the episode reinforces India's deterrence edge. Pakistan's air defence gaps expose vulnerabilities along the Line of Control, potentially deterring future adventurism. Beijing faces a credibility crisis, as its military-industrial complex grapples with export-quality shortfalls.

Taiwan watches intently. Amid cross-strait tensions, the HQ-9B's combat flops question the PLA's own capabilities, given systemic similarities. US analysts predict accelerated allied investments in countering Chinese tech proliferation.

Operation Sindoor thus emerges as a pivotal case study. It not only affirmed India's operational maturity but also signalled a pivot in perceptions of Sino-Pakistani military ties. As regional dynamics evolve, the true test of defence tech lies not in parades, but in the crucible of conflict.

The Hill

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BRICS Unity Tested: India Leads Diplomatic Push Amid West Asia Tensions And Direct Member Involvement

The escalating conflict in West Asia, pitting the United States and Israel against Iran, has thrust the BRICS grouping into a profound diplomatic quandary. Recent US-Israeli airstrikes on Iranian targets, codenamed Operation Epic Fury and Operation Lion’s Roar, have provoked fierce retaliatory missile and drone barrages from Tehran under Operation True Promise IV.

This war, now in its third week as of mid-March 2026, has disrupted oil supplies and heightened regional instability, with Iran targeting US bases in Gulf states and Israel striking Hezbollah positions in Lebanon.

India, holding the BRICS chairmanship for 2026, faces an acute challenge in forging a collective stance. Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal highlighted during a media briefing that several BRICS members are directly embroiled in the crisis, complicating consensus efforts.

The expanded BRICS now comprises eleven nations: original members Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, plus Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Indonesia.

Direct involvement stems primarily from Iran, on one side, clashing with US allies including Saudi Arabia and the UAE, both BRICS members. Iran has launched strikes on UAE territory housing US interests, prompting condemnations from Riyadh and Abu Dhabi over sovereignty violations. 

Meanwhile, Russia and China have openly criticised the initial US-Israeli actions, while Brazil has echoed similar sentiments, exposing stark fault lines within the bloc.

India has actively facilitated dialogue through the Sherpa channel, convening a virtual meeting of BRICS Sherpas on 12 March to deliberate a possible joint response. This followed an earlier in-person Sherpa gathering in New Delhi on 9-10 February, where India outlined its chairmanship priorities under the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”

Despite these efforts, divergent strategic interests—ranging from Iran's call for condemnation of Western aggression to Gulf states' demands for recognition of Tehran's retaliations—have stymied progress.

Jaiswal emphasised India's commitment to bridging these divides, stating that New Delhi continues engaging partners to evolve a common position. Bilateral diplomacy underscores the tensions: External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar discussed the issue with Iranian counterpart Seyed Abbas Araghchi, who urged BRICS to denounce the strikes, while India has critiqued attacks on Gulf infrastructure.

Tehran has separately pressed India to lead a bloc statement against US-Israeli actions, placing New Delhi in a delicate balancing act given its ties with Israel and the US.

The crisis reveals BRICS' growing pains post-expansion, mirroring past divisions such as over Russia's Ukraine invasion. With three members—Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE—on opposing fronts, a unified resolution appears elusive, potentially undermining the group's credibility as a Global South voice. India's leadership persists amid these challenges, aiming to host the annual summit later in 2026 and advance people-centric cooperation.

Broader implications ripple through global energy markets, with Iranian actions disrupting Saudi and Qatari output via the Strait of Hormuz.

The US has bolstered its regional presence by deploying additional Marines, while Iran's Revolutionary Guards warn of further escalations. As India navigates this minefield, its diplomatic manoeuvres could define BRICS' cohesion in an era of heightened geopolitical flux.

Agencies

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DRDO Chief Underscores Innovation And Self-Reliance In India's Defence Landscape

Dr Samir V Kamat, Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), recently addressed students and faculty at the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) in Wellington. 

His speech emphasised the strategic importance of innovation, indigenisation, and dual-use technologies. These elements, he noted, form the bedrock of India's future defence capabilities.

The interaction aimed to foster greater civil-military synergy. Dr Kamat shared a comprehensive vision for DRDO's role in advancing Atmanirbhar Bharat. This initiative seeks to achieve self-reliance in defence manufacturing and technology development. He highlighted how such efforts would reduce dependence on foreign imports.

In a parallel development, General Anil Chauhan, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), engaged with 40 leaders from India's space ecosystem. The discussion, hosted by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), focused on enhancing space capabilities within the defence sector. Participants included G. Satheesh Reddy, a Member of the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB).

Representatives from DRDO, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the Defence Space Agency (DSA) also joined the forum. Conversations centred on integrating space technologies into military applications. This includes satellite reconnaissance, communication systems, and navigation for enhanced operational effectiveness.

General Chauhan later visited an electronics company to observe cutting-edge capabilities. He witnessed advanced design and manufacturing processes in defence, space, aerospace, and electronics systems. The visit underscored the growing prowess of India's private sector in producing high-tech components.

Official statements described the discussions as pivotal for future combat preparedness. Emphasis was placed on strengthening indigenous technological capabilities for the Armed Forces. General Chauhan addressed the company team, outlining the evolving operational landscape and industry's vital role in readiness.

He stressed the need for innovation to counter emerging threats. This includes hypersonic systems, AI-driven platforms, and resilient supply chains. Such advancements are crucial amid regional geopolitical tensions.

Meanwhile, the Commandant of the College of Defence Management (CDM), accompanied by faculty, visited the Naval War College. The exchange involved interactions with the Commandant and Directing Staff. Briefings covered the college's diverse courses and ongoing initiatives for targeted learning outcomes.

This visit exemplified mutual learning between premier institutions. It promoted the exchange of best practices in defence education. Both sides reaffirmed a commitment to integrating training curricula with contemporary challenges.

The engagements reflect a broader push for synergy across India's defence ecosystem. From research labs to industry and academia, collaborative efforts are accelerating indigenisation. Dual-use technologies, blending civilian and military applications, promise cost efficiencies and rapid scaling.

DRDO's focus under Dr Kamat aligns with national goals. Recent successes in missile systems, UAVs, and quantum tech demonstrate progress. Yet, challenges like supply chain vulnerabilities persist, necessitating sustained investment.

General Chauhan's interactions signal deeper private-sector involvement. Space defence capabilities are evolving, with ISRO-DRDO partnerships yielding results like the Agnibaan launcher. These bolster India's strategic deterrence.

Inter-institutional visits like CDM-NWC foster doctrinal evolution. They ensure training adapts to hybrid warfare, cyber threats, and multi-domain operations. This holistic approach positions India as a formidable defence power.

As Atmanirbhar Bharat gains momentum, such initiatives bridge gaps between vision and execution. They equip the Armed Forces for future conflicts while nurturing a vibrant defence industrial base.

Agencies

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Indian Army Eliminates Pakistani Infiltrator (Terrorist) In Uri LoC Clash, Seize Arms Cache

Indian Army troops have successfully foiled a brazen infiltration bid along the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir's Uri sector, eliminating one Pakistani terrorist in a fierce night time exchange of fire.

The operation unfolded in Baramulla district's Buchhar area during the night of 14-15 March 2026, as alert soldiers from the Indian Army's Chinar Corps detected suspicious movement near the border.

Acting on precise intelligence inputs and round-the-clock surveillance, the troops spotted a terrorist lurking in dense thickets close to the LoC. An ambush was swiftly readjusted, and the infiltrator was challenged.

The terrorist responded with indiscriminate fire, triggering a brief but intense gun battle in the forward areas. Security forces retaliated effectively, neutralising the intruder on the spot.

A Pakistani national among the infiltrators was confirmed killed, with his body recovered from the encounter site. This marks yet another blow to cross-border terrorist networks backed by elements across the border.

War-like stores seized from the site included an AK rifle, pistols, and a substantial quantity of ammunition, underscoring the infiltrator's intent to perpetrate violence within Indian territory.

The Indian Army collaborated seamlessly with Jammu and Kashmir Police in this joint operation, launching an extensive search of the surrounding forests and rugged terrain to ensure no accomplices remained at large.

No Indian personnel were reported injured, reflecting the high state of readiness and tactical proficiency of forces deployed along this volatile sector.

The Uri sector, nestled in north Kashmir's Baramulla district, has long been a favoured route for infiltrators due to its mountainous landscape, thick vegetation, and proximity to Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

Such attempts persist despite repeated Indian assertions that cross-border terrorism, often sponsored by Pakistan-based groups, poses a grave threat to regional stability.

This incident follows a pattern of heightened vigilance along the LoC, with similar operations in recent weeks resulting in the interception and elimination of multiple terrorists attempting to breach the border.

Security analysts note that winter months typically see a dip in infiltrations due to harsh weather, but spring thaws often trigger a surge as militants exploit melting snow and improved mobility.

The recovery of the terrorist's body and weaponry will aid ongoing investigations into his affiliation, potentially linking him to known outfits like Lashkar-e-Taiba or Jaish-e-Mohammed.

Indian Army officials emphasised that operations like this are integral to a multi-layered counter-infiltration grid, incorporating intelligence fusion, technology such as drones and thermal imagers, and human intelligence.

The LoC remains a heavily fortified frontier, dotted with bunkers, minefields, and non-lethal deterrents like floodlights and razor wire, yet infiltrators continue to probe for weaknesses.

This foiled bid highlights the enduring challenge of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, where security forces have neutralised over a dozen militants in Uri and nearby sectors since the onset of 2026.

Such incidents reveal a strategic uptick in such incidents amid fragile ceasefire understandings, with India attributing them to Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence directing proxy warfare.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has prioritised indigenous defence capabilities, including advanced surveillance systems like the Integrated Counter Infiltration Grid, to bolster LoC dominance.

Local communities in Uri, long accustomed to the rhythm of such encounters, expressed relief at the swift Army response, crediting it with safeguarding civilian lives and infrastructure. As search operations conclude, the Army has reaffirmed its commitment to a zero-tolerance posture, vowing to pre-empt any attempts to revive dormant terror networks in the Kashmir Valley.

This event serves as a stark reminder of the persistent shadow of cross-border threats, even as diplomatic channels oscillate between tension and tentative dialogue.

IANS

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Mazagon Dock's ₹23,758 Cr Order Book: Shipbuilding Edges Out Submarines In Driving Growth

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, a cornerstone of India's maritime defence industry, boasts an impressive order book valued at ₹23,758 crore, fuelling investor interest amid escalating regional tensions.

Established in 1934 under the Ministry of Defence and based in Mumbai, the company excels in designing, constructing, repairing, and refurbishing advanced warships and submarines for the Indian Navy and Coast Guard. With a market capitalisation of ₹93,927.03 crore, its shares recently dipped by up to 5.2 per cent to a low of ₹2,320, down from the previous close of ₹2,447.90.

The company's legacy is formidable, having delivered 806 vessels since 1960, including 31 warships from missile boats to sophisticated destroyers, and 8 submarines.

Mazagon Dock has also catered to international clients with cargo ships, passenger vessels, supply ships, multipurpose support vessels, water tankers, tugs, dredgers, fishing trawlers, barges, and even border outposts. Beyond naval assets, it has produced offshore structures like jackets, wellhead platform main decks, process platforms, and jack-up rigs, underscoring its versatility across defence and commercial sectors.

At the heart of its current momentum lies the Shipbuilding Division, which dominates the order book with high-value contracts from the Ministry of Defence. Key projects include the P15B Destroyers worth ₹28,745 crore and P17A Stealth Frigates at ₹27,254 crore, both pivotal for bolstering India's naval prowess. The division is also executing orders for 21 Indian Coast Guard Ships (ICGS), encompassing CTS, NGOPV, and FPV types to enhance coastal security.

Adding diversity, the Shipbuilding Division handles a multipurpose hybrid-powered vessel for Navi Merchants, blending commercial viability with eco-friendly innovation.

This segment maintains a robust backlog of ₹14,755 crore, with multiple pending deliveries in ICGS and hybrid categories, ensuring a steady revenue stream.

Shifting focus to the Submarine and Heavy Engineering Division, it anchors critical underwater capabilities through the P75 Kalvari Submarines project, valued at ₹29,621 crore under a Ministry of Defence contract. This initiative is vital for India's submarine fleet modernisation. The division also undertakes medium refits and life certifications for existing submarines, extending their service life while upholding stringent safety protocols.

Commercial ventures bolster this arm, notably ONGC contracts for offshore platforms worth ₹6,524 crore, alongside development of Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems to boost submarine stealth and endurance. With a backlog of ₹9,003 crore and several deliveries in the pipeline, the division plays a dual role in defence and energy infrastructure.

Across both divisions, total project values exceed ₹1 lakh crore, with Shipbuilding contributing ₹59,563 crore and Submarine & Heavy Engineering adding ₹40,562 crore. The consolidated undelivered order book of ₹23,758 crore signals sustained activity and revenue visibility.

Infrastructure underpins these operations. The Shipbuilding Division features three dry docks, three wet basins, three large slipways, and six smaller ones, complemented by production, assembly, electrical workshops, a 300-tonne Goliath crane, and a shore integration facility for outfitting.

Precision engineering thrives via machine shops, fitting shops, and an instrumentation workshop. Meanwhile, the Submarine Division specialises in fabrication, sub-section assembly, section formation, cradle assembly, and a dedicated dry dock, all integrated with shore facilities for final testing and mission-ready submarines.

In essence, while the Submarine Division's strategic projects like P75 Kalvari and AIP systems remain indispensable, the Shipbuilding Division's larger project values, diverse backlog, and infrastructure edge make it the primary driver of Mazagon Dock's ₹23,758 crore order book, positioning the company as a linchpin in India's defence self-reliance.

Agencies

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Iranian Drones Hammer US Baghdad Embassy Following Trump's Kharg Raid

Tensions in the Middle East have reached a boiling point after Iran launched a direct strike on the United States embassy compound in Baghdad.

The attack, which occurred early on 14 March 2026, involved a missile or drone that hit the embassy's helipad, sending thick black smoke billowing into the sky over the fortified complex.

This assault marks the second time the US diplomatic mission in Baghdad has been targeted since the onset of the current conflict, now in its third week. Iraqi security sources reported no immediate casualties at the embassy, though the US has not yet issued an official comment.

Videos circulating on social media captured the moment of impact, with flames and debris visible amid heightened security alerts.

The strike came swiftly in response to US President Donald Trump's announcement of devastating air raids on Iran's Kharg Island, a critical oil export hub handling 90 per cent of Tehran's shipments. Trump described the operation as one of the "most powerful bombing raids in the history of the Middle East," claiming US forces had "totally obliterated" all military targets including air defences, a naval base, an airport control tower, and a helicopter hangar.

Notably, Trump emphasised that vital oil infrastructure on the 5-mile island was spared "in the interest of decency," but warned that any Iranian interference with shipping through the Strait of Hormuz would prompt a swift reevaluation. Prior to the strikes, Iran had vowed to reduce US-affiliated oil sites to "a pile of ashes" should its energy facilities come under fire.

The Baghdad embassy attack fits into a broader pattern of escalating exchanges under what Iran calls "Operation Epic Fury," launched on 28 February 2026. Iran-backed militias, such as Kataeb Hezbollah and the Islamic Resistance in Iraq—designated as terrorist groups by Washington—have intensified drone and rocket assaults on US positions across the region.

Just prior to the embassy hit, US strikes in Baghdad killed three members of Kataeb Hezbollah, including a key commander, in what appeared to be targeted operations against Iran-aligned fighters. A funeral procession for the slain militants drew crowds in the Iraqi capital, underscoring local sympathies amid the chaos.

The US has responded by urging its citizens to evacuate Iraq immediately and elevating embassy security to Level 4, citing threats from Iran and its proxies. Trump has also called on allies to help secure the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for global oil flows now at risk of disruption.

Global markets are reeling, with oil prices surging amid fears of a full-scale energy crisis. Related incidents include a drone strike on a UAE port in Fujairah and attacks on desalination plants in Bahrain, as the conflict spills over into neighbouring states.

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi reiterated vows of retaliation, stating that American companies in the region would face destruction if Tehran’s assets are hit further. Meanwhile, the US Central Command reports over 3,000 strikes on Iranian targets since late February, including the sinking of 43 warships.

As the war enters its third week without signs of de-escalation, analysts warn of a potential regional inferno, with Israel also conducting operations against Iranian sites.

Trump has demanded Iran's unconditional surrender, signalling no appetite for negotiations. The world watches anxiously as proxy battles threaten to ignite direct superpower confrontation.

Agencies

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Atomic Clock Fails On ISRO's NAVIC Navigation Satellite: Three Satellites Left As India Races To Rebuild

India's NavIC navigation system faces a precarious moment after the failure of a critical satellite, raising questions about the reliability of the nation's homegrown alternative to GPS.

NavIC, or Navigation with Indian Constellation, has dropped below the minimum operational threshold following the atomic clock failure on IRNSS-1F. Launched in March 2016, this satellite reached the end of its 10-year design life on 10 March 2026. Although it continues to orbit and transmit one-way broadcast messages, it can no longer contribute to positioning calculations.

A navigation system requires at least four satellites to determine a user's location accurately on Earth. With IRNSS-1F offline, India now relies on just three functional satellites for Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services.

The surviving trio consists of IRNSS-1B, launched in April 2014; IRNSS-1L, launched in April 2018; and NVS-01, the first second-generation satellite sent into orbit in May 2023. IRNSS-1B has already exceeded its own 10-year lifespan and operates on extended time.

NVS-01 stands out as the healthiest, equipped with India's first indigenous rubidium atomic clock. This marks a shift away from reliance on imported timekeeping hardware, which plagued earlier missions.

Atomic clocks form the core of any satellite navigation system. They measure time by monitoring the precise vibrations of atoms, enabling receivers to calculate signal travel time from satellite to user.

Even a billionth-of-a-second error in timing can displace a position fix by hundreds of metres. Without a functioning clock, a satellite becomes useless for navigation.

NavIC's troubles stem from a history of setbacks. Of the 11 satellites launched by July 2025, only four were delivering full PNT services at that point. Four others managed one-way broadcasts after losing navigation capability, one was decommissioned, and two failed to reach proper orbits.

The IRNSS-1F clock failure on 13 March 2026 reduced the PNT count from four to three. NavIC aims for a seven-satellite constellation to cover India and a 1,500 km region around it, but it remains far short.

Replacement efforts hit a snag with NVS-02, launched in January 2025. A minor electrical fault prevented its orbit-raising engine from firing, stranding it in an elliptical orbit where it cannot provide services.

ISRO applied lessons from this mishap to CMS-03, launched successfully in November 2025 into its intended orbit. Yet NVS-03, slated for a late 2025 launch, has not yet lifted off, indicating schedule slippage.

In July 2025, Union Minister of State for Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh informed the Lok Sabha that NVS-03 would fly by year's end, followed by NVS-04 six months later. These delays leave NavIC vulnerable.

The next-generation NVS satellites offer improvements, including L1 band support. This allows compatible smartphones to use NavIC via software updates alone, without additional hardware.

On the ground, NavIC already powers real-time tracking for about 8,700 trains, with ambitions to reach 12,000. It also aids disaster alerts, marine navigation, and vehicle tracking.

With only three satellites operational, these applications face risks. IRNSS-1B's ageing status adds urgency, as its failure could drop NavIC to just two PNT providers.

India's push for self-reliance in navigation persists despite the hurdles. Indigenous atomic clocks in NVS-01 signal progress, and upcoming launches promise to rebuild the constellation.

Restoring full functionality demands swift action on NVS-03 and beyond. Until then, NavIC's capacity hangs in the balance, underscoring the challenges of sustaining a regional navigation powerhouse.

Agencies

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Iran Says No Problem With Mojtaba Khamenei After Trump Says He Is Gravely Injured, Likely Disfigured

In the wake of a devastating joint US-Israel airstrike on 28 February 2026, which claimed the life of Iran's long-standing Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, speculation has swirled around the condition of his son and successor, Mojtaba Khamenei.

The 56-year-old cleric, now Iran's new Supreme Leader, has not appeared in public since the attack, fuelling rumours of severe injury or worse, reported NDTV.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi sought to quell these concerns on Saturday, assuring the world that "there is no problem" with the new leader. Speaking to a news channel, Araghchi noted that Mojtaba had sent a message the previous day and would soon perform his duties fully.

US President Donald Trump has been vocal in questioning Khamenei's status. In an NBC News interview on Saturday, Trump stated bluntly, "I don't know if he's even alive. So far, nobody's been able to show him." He dismissed reports of death as mere rumour but urged surrender as the "smart" path forward for Iran.

Earlier on Thursday, Trump had offered a slightly different assessment during a Fox News appearance. "I think he probably is [alive]. I think he is damaged, but I think he's probably alive in some form," he remarked, hinting at unconfirmed intelligence about injuries sustained in the strike.

Trump's Secretary of Defence, Pete Hegseth, went further at a Friday press conference. "We know the new so-called, not-so-supreme leader is wounded and likely disfigured," Hegseth declared, referencing Pentagon assessments of the airstrike's impact on key Iranian leadership figures.

The airstrike not only killed 86-year-old Ali Khamenei but also other prominent family members, marking a pivotal escalation in the US-Iran-Israel war. Iran retaliated swiftly with missile strikes on Israeli targets and US bases in Gulf states, intensifying regional tensions.

Mojtaba Khamenei broke his silence on Thursday with his first public statement as Supreme Leader, broadcast via a presenter on state television. Vowing revenge, he declared, "A limited amount of this revenge has so far taken concrete form, but until it is fully achieved, this case will remain among our priorities."

He escalated the rhetoric further, promising compensation from the "enemy" or equivalent destruction of their assets. "We will seek compensation from the enemy, and if they refuse, we will take as much of their property as we determine, and if that is not possible, we will destroy the same amount of his property," the statement read.

Khamenei also demanded the continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global oil shipments, and issued ultimatums to neighbouring countries. He called on them to shut US military bases or face Iranian targeting, raising fears of broader Gulf involvement.

Iranian officials have acknowledged that Mojtaba sustained injuries in the attack but have released scant details, prioritising continuity of leadership amid the crisis. Araghchi's comments represent the most direct reassurance yet, though the absence of visual proof has sustained international doubt.

Trump's evolving statements reflect a mix of psychological pressure and strategic signalling. His initial "damaged" remark on Thursday shifted to open scepticism by Saturday, while Hegseth's "disfigured" claim has amplified unverified narratives in Western media.

The power transition within Iran's theocratic structure has been abrupt. Reports suggest Iran's Revolutionary Guards played a key role in elevating Mojtaba, overriding Ali Khamenei's reported reluctance, underscoring internal pressures amid wartime chaos.

As the conflict enters its third week, Iran's vows of retribution contrast sharply with US warnings of further strikes. Trump has repeatedly signalled readiness for more action, telling reporters Iran must "do something very smart" or face intensified consequences.

Global markets remain on edge, with oil prices surging over fears of prolonged Hormuz disruptions. Diplomatic efforts by neutral powers have yielded little, as Tehran doubles down on defiance and Washington projects unyielding resolve.

The fate of Mojtaba Khamenei—whether disfigured, merely wounded, or fully operational—remains a flashpoint. Until he appears publicly, the rumours will persist, shaping perceptions of Iran's resilience in this high-stakes confrontation.

NDTV

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Shattered Skies, Intact Regime: Is An Air War Enough To Break Iran?

Recent public impatience has surfaced after two weeks of intensive airstrikes against Iran, which have proven highly effective yet have not toppled the regime. Initial optimism that Iran's leaders might flee, akin to Bashar al-Assad's eventual exit, is waning. A more realistic assessment now prevails: this conflict will not resolve swiftly, analysed Yaron Buskila on Jerusalem Post portal, the author is a retired IDF commander and the CEO of the Israel Defence and Security Forum (IDSF).

This prompts a core question: can airstrikes alone vanquish Iran, or must ground forces play a pivotal role in securing victory?

Theoretically, air power offers an appealing strategy. Fighter jets, cruise missiles, and drones enable deep strikes into hostile territory, obliterating military installations, neutralising air defences, and crippling economies. With advanced precision intelligence and guided munitions, it seems feasible to coerce a regime—be it Iran's or another's—into collapse without deploying ground troops.

Historical precedents demonstrate air campaigns achieving political triumphs. NATO's 1999 operation against Yugoslavia stands out. Over 78 days, alliance aircraft hammered military sites, bridges, factories, and government buildings, exerting relentless pressure on the economy and strategic hinterland. Belgrade capitulated, withdrawing from Kosovo without a full-scale ground assault; sustained aerial and economic duress forced the settlement.

In 2011, NATO's Operation Unified Protector in Libya further illustrates this. Amid civil war against Muammar Gaddafi, hundreds of aircraft demolished air defences, bases, and loyalist forces. Gaddafi swiftly lost aerial dominance and much of his military efficacy. Though rebel ground advances contributed, they likely could not have ousted him without NATO's overwhelming air support.

These cases affirm that air operations can debilitate regimes, dismantle armed forces, and precipitate political downfall. However, they underscore a key nuance: even dominant air efforts typically culminate with ground dynamics—be it internal dissent or terrestrial advances.

Applying these insights to Iran reveals profound challenges. Iran spans a vast expanse, exceeding the combined area of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Its military assets scatter across urban sprawls and rugged mountains, rendering comprehensive aerial neutralisation daunting.

Dispersed, mobile targets abound, from missile launchers to command posts, complicating total destruction despite superior strike capabilities.

Iran's armed forces boast hundreds of thousands of troops, including the formidable Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). These units are tailored for endurance, excelling in dispersal, concealment, urban warfare, and evasion of precision strikes.

Beyond hardware, political and societal resilience poses the greatest hurdle. Toppling Iran's theocracy demands more than ruined bases or factories; it requires fracturing the control apparatus that underpins regime survival.

Iran's populace harbours significant discontent. Recent waves of protests—over economics, student grievances, and women's rights—expose widespread rejection of IRGC ideology. Millions of youth, professionals, and the urban middle class view the regime as a barrier to prosperity.

Airstrikes eroding infrastructure could amplify this unrest, prompting economic, political, or military elites to abandon the clerics if their own positions appear untenable. A pivotal "turning of the guns" might ensue, with insiders defecting to align with public sentiment.

Yet even internal upheaval would likely necessitate ground elements for finality. Options include special forces raids on power centres, mobilising ethnic minorities to ignite internal fronts, or targeted incursions to stretch regime resources thin.

Air campaigns excel at initial disruption: shattering logistics, sowing doubt, and heaping pressure on leadership. Historical patterns, however, indicate regime falls hinge on ground-level convergence—protests, defections, or incursions.

In Iran's context, the tipping point may emerge not from the skies, but from streets, barracks, and shadows below, where human agency seals the breach opened by aerial might.

JP

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India’s Thorium Gamble: Why Abandoning It Could Cripple Energy Security

India’s energy security dilemma has been thrown into sharp relief by the ongoing Gulf conflict, which has disrupted oil supplies and highlighted the country’s dependence on imported fuels, reported NDTV.

With limited domestic reserves of crude oil and uranium, India faces a structural vulnerability that cannot be solved by external imports alone. The one resource that offers a long-term solution is thorium, of which India possesses the largest reserves in the world.

Yet despite decades of planning, thorium utilisation remains stalled, leaving the nation exposed to global turbulence.

Dr Anil Kakodkar, a leading nuclear scientist and former chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, has issued a stark warning: abandoning thorium would be suicidal for India. He argues that thorium is not merely an option but the backbone of India’s three-stage nuclear program, designed to ensure energy independence for centuries.

Unlike uranium, thorium offers a proliferation-resistant fuel cycle, reducing risks of diversion for weapons while providing sustainable energy. In his view, India’s aspiration to become a developed nation is inseparable from large-scale thorium deployment.

India’s technological strengths align naturally with thorium. Heavy water reactors, a field where India is globally recognised as a leader, are ideally suited for converting thorium into uranium-233.

The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), developed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, was specifically designed to harness thorium while incorporating passive safety features.

Although technically ready, it has not been deployed due to competing priorities and institutional caution. Meanwhile, India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam is nearing operation, which could provide the fissile material inventory needed to accelerate thorium use.

Critics argue that thorium reprocessing is too complex, particularly due to the high gamma radiation emitted by uranium-232 decay products. Dr Kakodkar rejects this pessimism, insisting that technological challenges must be overcome rather than used as excuses for abandonment.

He stresses that without thorium, India’s nuclear capacity will stagnate, leaving the country vulnerable to fuel shortages and geopolitical shocks. He even envisions India leading a “nuclear OPEC” based on thorium, reshaping global energy geopolitics in the process.

The government has reaffirmed its commitment to thorium, with Union Science Minister Dr Jitendra Singh describing it as a cornerstone of India’s nuclear programme. He has highlighted its environmental advantages, including lower quantities of long-lived nuclear waste compared to uranium systems. 

Molten salt reactors, though still experimental, are seen as a promising future technology for thorium deployment. International collaboration, particularly with the United States, could also accelerate progress in advanced nuclear R&D and small modular reactors.

India’s nuclear capacity targets—22 gigawatts by 2032 and 25 gigawatts by 2035-36—make immediate action essential. Without thorium integration, either through AHWR deployment or loading thorium into existing reactors, India risks falling short just as energy demand peaks. For Dr Kakodkar, the message is clear: delay now could cost decades, and the price of inaction would be catastrophic for India’s energy future.

NDTV

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Nearly 100 Iranian Sailors Depart Kochi As IRIS Lavan Stays Anchored Amid Escalating Tensions

Nearly 100 crew members from the Iranian naval vessel IRIS Lavan have left Kochi, India, via the local airport, according to sources familiar with the matter. The ship remains docked at Kochi port, with the rest of its crew on board. No official confirmation has come from India's Southern Naval Command.

The departures occurred late on Friday night. The Iranian personnel boarded an aircraft that had arrived from Colombo, Sri Lanka. The flight's final destination remains undisclosed.

IRIS Lavan arrived in Kochi on 4 March 2026, just hours after another Iranian warship, IRIS Dena, was sunk. Iran had requested safe harbour for the vessel on 28 February, citing urgent technical problems. India approved the request on 1 March.

The timing of the docking request coincided with the launch of the US-Israel offensive named "Epic Fury". Iranian authorities emphasised the need for immediate port access. New Delhi's decision may have averted a similar fate for IRIS Lavan.

IRIS Dena, an Iranian naval frigate, was torpedoed by a US submarine in international waters south of Sri Lanka on 4 March. The attack destroyed the vessel and killed at least 87 sailors. It marked one of the deadliest incidents for Iranian naval personnel in recent years.

Search and recovery operations followed the sinking, involving Indian authorities in the surrounding waters. Bodies of 84 Iranian sailors are now being flown home via India. Tehran has strongly condemned the strike, vowing it "will not go unanswered", as stated by Iran's Army chief.

IRIS Lavan had originally come to the region for the International Fleet Review, with around 183 sailors initially staying at naval facilities in Kochi. The partial crew departure raises questions about the vessel's next moves.

The incident underscores rising military tensions in the Indian Ocean region. It highlights concerns over naval operations near South Asia amid broader Middle East conflicts. India's role in providing safe harbour adds a layer of diplomatic complexity.

Kochi port has thus become a focal point in these developments. The remaining crew on IRIS Lavan continues to maintain the ship. Observers await official statements on the vessel's future plans.

Agencies

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Prachand Light Combat Gunship Shines In High-Altitude Live Fire Trials By Gajraj Corps

In a significant milestone for India's indigenous defence capabilities, the Indian Army conducted a triumphant live firing exercise with the Prachand Light Combat Helicopter under the aegis of the Gajraj Corps. This event, held in challenging high-altitude terrain, showcased the helicopter's prowess in precision strikes and multi-domain operations.

The Prachand, formally known as the Light Combat Helicopter (LCH), represents a cornerstone of India's self-reliance in aerospace manufacturing. Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it entered service with the Army in 2022 after rigorous trials.

This latest exercise reaffirmed the LCH's design strengths, particularly its ability to operate effectively above 15,000 feet. Soldiers from the Gajraj Corps, responsible for securing India's northeastern borders, executed a series of live missile and gun firings against simulated enemy targets.

Prachand's armament suite proved decisive during the trials. It seamlessly deployed the Helina anti-tank guided missiles, capable of engaging armoured threats at ranges exceeding 7 kilometres, even in the thin air of high altitudes where conventional helicopters falter.

The helicopter's 20mm twin-barrel cannon delivered accurate suppressive fire, neutralising ground-based fortifications with minimal collateral damage. Its advanced electro-optical pod and helmet-mounted sight enabled pilots to achieve first-pass hits, underscoring the platform's combat effectiveness.

High-altitude warfare demands more than firepower; Prachand excelled in survivability too. Its stealth features, including reduced radar cross-section and infrared suppressors, make it the world's only attack helicopter optimised for such environments, vital for operations along the Line of Actual Control with China.

The exercise simulated multi-domain scenarios, integrating Prachand with unmanned aerial vehicles and ground artillery. This seamless coordination highlighted India's evolving doctrine for joint operations, blending air, land, and electronic warfare elements.

Gajraj Corps Commander Lieutenant General Rajiv Ghai praised the trials, noting that Prachand's performance bolsters the Army's tactical edge in rugged terrains. "This indigenous asset has transformed our high-altitude strike capabilities," he stated during the post-exercise debrief.

Induction of Prachand aligns with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, reducing dependence on foreign imports. Over 150 units are on order, with production ramping up at HAL's Tumakuru facility to equip both Army and Air Force squadrons by 2030.

Challenges persist, including supply chain tweaks for indigenous engines and avionics. Yet, this live firing success dispels doubts, proving Prachand's readiness for frontline duties amid rising border tensions.

Strategically, Prachand counters adversarial advantages in the Himalayas, where Pakistan and China deploy heavier platforms like the Z-10 and Mi-17 variants. Its lighter weight—under 6 tonnes—allows operations from forward helipads inaccessible to bulkier rivals.

The trials also validated software upgrades, enhancing data links for real-time battlefield awareness. Integrated with the Army's Tactical Communication System, Prachand can share targeting data with artillery units like the K9 Vajra howitzers.

Export potential beckons too. Nations facing similar terrains, such as Vietnam and the Philippines, have expressed interest, positioning Prachand as a flagship for India's defence diplomacy.

This exercise not only validates technical maturity but also boosts morale among indigenous developers. It signals India's ascent as a defence technology powerhouse, capable of sustaining multi-domain superiority.

As deliveries accelerate, Prachand will anchor Army aviation regiments in the East, fortifying India's strategic posture. The Gajraj Corps' triumph marks a new chapter in high-altitude combat aviation.

DD News

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