Indian Defence News

Tuesday, February 3, 2026

India has marked a pivotal advancement in its missile propulsion technology with the triumphant demonstration of the Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) system. Conducted by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur off the Odisha coast, the test took place at approximately 10:45 am on 3 February 2026.

This success catapults India into an elite cadre of nations mastering SFDR technology, a cornerstone for crafting long-range air-to-air missiles boasting superior speed, extended reach, and enhanced manoeuvrability.

The trial unfolded seamlessly, with all critical subsystems delivering as anticipated. These encompassed the innovative nozzle-less booster, the solid fuel ducted ramjet motor, and the precise fuel flow controller.

A ground-based booster initially accelerated the system to the requisite Mach number, after which the SFDR operated flawlessly in flight. Performance metrics were meticulously verified through data gathered by an array of tracking instruments positioned along the Bay of Bengal coastline.

Senior scientists from key DRDO establishments, including the Defence Research Laboratory, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Research Centre Imarat, and ITR, oversaw the proceedings.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh lauded the DRDO and its industry collaborators, terming the feat a vital boost to India's defence readiness. DRDO Chairman and Secretary for the Department of Defence R&D, Samir V Kamat, hailed the outcome as the fruit of persistent endeavour and seamless inter-laboratory synergy.

The SFDR breakthrough holds profound implications for the Indian Air Force's future arsenal. It paves the way for next-generation air-to-air missiles that can neutralise threats at greater distances, outpacing adversaries in aerial combat scenarios.

Unlike traditional rocket motors, which burn fuel rapidly and limit range, ducted ramjet systems leverage atmospheric oxygen for sustained high-speed propulsion. The solid fuel variant eliminates the complexities of liquid fuels, enhancing reliability and storability.

India's mastery of this technology underscores its growing self-reliance in advanced defence systems. It aligns with broader initiatives like Atmanirbhar Bharat, reducing dependence on foreign imports for critical weaponry.

This test builds on prior SFDR efforts, including ground and semi-flight validations. Full integration into operational missiles, such as potential upgrades to the Astra family, now appears within reach.

The achievement arrives amid heightened regional tensions, bolstering India's tactical superiority in air dominance. Long-range missiles enabled by SFDR could extend beyond 150-200 km, rivaling global benchmarks like the European Meteor.

DRDO's collaborative model, blending public labs with private industry, proved instrumental. This partnership exemplifies the evolving defence ecosystem in India.

As development progresses, expectations mount for cannisterised, fire-and-forget variants deployable from fighters like the TEJAS MK-2 and Su-30MKI. Such capabilities would reshape South Asian air power dynamics.

The Odisha coast's ITR continues to serve as a linchpin for these trials, its infrastructure supporting high-velocity tests over the sea. This milestone not only fortifies national security but also positions Indian industry for exports, tapping into global demand for advanced ramjet tech.

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India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has confirmed ongoing work on a land-attack version of its Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LR-AShM), as stated by DRDO Chief Dr. Samir V. Kamat.

This development builds on the missile's successful hypersonic tests, positioning India among elite nations with advanced strike technologies. The announcement underscores India's push towards multi-role missile systems amid evolving regional threats.

The LR-AShM, a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) with speeds up to Mach 10 and an average of Mach 5, was first tested on 16 November 2024 from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island off Odisha. It boasts a 1,500 km range, enabling strikes against high-value naval targets like aircraft carriers from standoff distances. DRDO's Advanced Systems Laboratory in Hyderabad led the project since 2017-2018, with design finalised by 2022.

Serial production commenced in October 2025 through partnerships with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), marking a leap in indigenous hypersonic capabilities. The missile integrates 'Made in India' sensors for terminal guidance against moving targets, flying low to evade radar detection. Full operational clearance is anticipated within 2-3 years following ongoing trials.

Transitioning to land-attack roles, the variant targets enemy command centres, airfields, and infrastructure deep inside adversary territory. It aligns with plans for an Integrated Rocket Force, enabling deployment across the Army, Navy, and Air Force. This versatility counters threats along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China and potential Pakistani targets.

The land-attack LR-AShM draws from technologies validated in the 2020 Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) test, including scramjet propulsion. Components are repurposed from systems like BrahMos and K-15 Sagarika, enhancing cost-effectiveness. Aerodynamic testing occurred at the National Aerospace Laboratories' trisonic wind tunnel.

Strategically, it bolsters India's anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) posture in the Indian Ocean Region against China's DF-17 (Mach 10-12) and DF-ZF/YJ-20 systems. The missile compresses enemy response times to minutes, overwhelming traditional defences. Pakistan's pursuits in similar technologies further necessitate this capability.

Future enhancements include extended ranges up to 3,500 km, potentially enabling strikes on distant targets like Beijing. Variants for ship, air, submarine, and coastal launches are planned, alongside upgraded warheads. Induction into the Navy is slated for 2029, with tri-service rollout to follow.

Exhibited as a dummy model with a 12x12 launcher at the 77th Republic Day Parade on 26 January 2026, the LR-AShM highlighted India's hypersonic prowess alongside Astra and Meteor missiles. DRDO's multi-lab effort, involving industry partners, exemplifies Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence manufacturing. This positions India with the US, Russia, and China in operational hypersonic arsenals.

The land-attack variant addresses gaps in conventional long-range precision strikes, offering superior speed and evasion over subsonic cruise missiles. It enhances deterrence by complicating adversary mid-course defences, as noted by experts like Ankit Panda of the Carnegie Endowment. Deployment via transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) suits shore-based and mobile Army operations.

DRDO Chief's confirmation signals accelerated indigenous innovation, vital for India's strategic autonomy. With trials nearing completion, the LR-AShM family promises transformative maritime and terrestrial strike options, reshaping South Asian power dynamics.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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Adani Defence & Aerospace has forged a strategic collaboration with the Italian aerospace giant Leonardo to establish a comprehensive helicopter manufacturing ecosystem in India.

This partnership, announced on 3 February 2026, heralds a significant milestone in defence cooperation between India and Italy, with leaders hailing it as the dawn of a new era.

The agreement underscores the deepening ties between two global defence industry champions. Italian Ambassador to India, Antonio Enrico Bartoli, emphasised the strengthening relationship, noting that it builds on recent high-level engagements, including a visit by European Union leadership just days prior.

He portrayed India as a reliable, long-term partner for Italy in defence, particularly in the helicopter domain where Leonardo excels in cutting-edge technology.

Bartoli also highlighted the broader bilateral ambitions, expressing hopes for reciprocal Indian investments in Italy. He framed the prospective Free Trade Agreement (FTA) not merely as a trade vehicle but as a platform grounded in shared values and security interests, paving the way for enhanced cooperation across sectors.

Adani Defence and Aerospace CEO Ashish Rajvanshi detailed the on-ground implications, committing to the creation of a fully indigenous helicopter manufacturing ecosystem within India. He positioned this as a pivotal advancement for Aatmanirbhar Bharat, India's self-reliance initiative, transforming the nation into South Asia's foremost defence hub.

Crucially, Rajvanshi stressed that these helicopters would be produced by Indian hands on Indian soil, eschewing imports for future needs.

Jeet Adani, Director at Adani Defence & Aerospace, reinforced the partnership's foundational ethos. He described it as rooted in shared expertise and purpose, encompassing manufacturing, training, and world-class maintenance support. This ecosystem, to be built entirely on Indian territory, aims to bolster national confidence in India's burgeoning helicopter capabilities and contribute enduringly to the country's strategic future.

Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh contextualised the memorandum of understanding (MoU) within India's national defence and industrial policy framework. He described the union of Adani and Leonardo as a convergence of two esteemed industrial powerhouses, aligning seamlessly with recent diplomatic milestones.

During Republic Day celebrations a week earlier, India hosted the Presidents of the European Union and the European Commission, yielding three key deals, including one focused on security and defence partnerships.

Singh outlined the trajectory ahead, with a forthcoming security and information-sharing agreement set to facilitate deeper collaboration. Echoing the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision, he articulated the dual objectives of curtailing import dependency while cultivating a robust, competitive industrial base domestically. This MoU exemplifies how private sector initiatives can propel India's defence manufacturing ambitions forward.

The collaboration arrives at a juncture of heightened geopolitical and strategic imperatives for India, amid ongoing efforts to modernise its armed forces and reduce reliance on foreign suppliers.

By localising helicopter production, Adani and Leonardo are poised to address critical gaps in India's rotary-wing assets, potentially encompassing utility, attack, and multi-role platforms tailored to regional threats.

This development also signals growing international confidence in India's defence ecosystem, attracting partnerships from established players like Leonardo, renowned for its AW139, AW169, and AW101 helicopters.

For Adani, which has rapidly expanded in defence through acquisitions and joint ventures, this marks a leap into high-value Aerostructures and final assembly, complementing its existing footprints in drones, missiles, and small arms.

Based On ANI Report

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Promoteq, a Sweden-based innovator in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, has announced plans to establish a state-of-the-art manufacturing plant in the Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridor.

This ambitious project involves an investment of ₹500 crores, equivalent to approximately $55 million, marking a significant boost to India's burgeoning defence manufacturing ecosystem.

The facility will be located within the strategically positioned UP Defence Corridor, a key initiative by the Uttar Pradesh government to attract global defence firms.

Spanning six nodes across the state, the corridor offers world-class infrastructure, including plug-and-play facilities, skilled labour pools, and proximity to major transport hubs like the Jewar International Airport.

Promoteq specialises in advanced UAV systems tailored for defence, surveillance, and industrial applications. Its portfolio includes high-endurance drones equipped with AI-driven autonomy, multi-payload capabilities, and robust counter-drone measures, which have already gained traction in European markets for border security and disaster response operations.

This investment aligns seamlessly with India's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) vision, particularly under the Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy. By setting up local manufacturing, Promoteq aims to produce indigenous UAV variants compliant with Indian military standards, reducing import dependency and fostering technology transfer.

The plant is expected to generate over 1,000 direct and indirect jobs in the region, prioritising local talent from Uttar Pradesh's engineering institutions. Training programmes in collaboration with Swedish experts will upskill workers in UAV assembly, avionics integration, and software testing, creating a ripple effect on the local economy.

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath hailed the move as a "game-changer" for the state's defence ambitions. The corridor has already lured giants like BrahMos Aerospace and Adani Defence, with Promoteq's entry enhancing its reputation as India's premier defence investment hub.

From a geopolitical standpoint, this development strengthens Indo-Swedish defence ties. Sweden, a neutral powerhouse in aerospace, brings proven UAV expertise that complements India's growing drone warfare capabilities, especially amid regional tensions along northern borders.

The project underscores Uttar Pradesh's aggressive push to become a trillion-dollar economy by 2027. Incentives such as single-window clearances, land subsidies, and capital grants under the UP Defence and Aerospace Units Policy have been instrumental in sealing the deal.

Production at the facility is slated to commence within 24 months, with an initial focus on medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) UAVs for the Indian armed forces. Future phases will incorporate next-generation features like swarm intelligence and hypersonic propulsion elements.

Environmental sustainability remains a core tenet of Promoteq's design. The plant will adhere to green manufacturing norms, utilising solar power and recyclable composites, aligning with India's net-zero defence production goals.

Challenges such as supply chain localisation and regulatory approvals loom, yet Promoteq's experience in navigating EU standards positions it well. Partnerships with Indian firms like TATA Advanced Systems or Bharat Electronics Limited could accelerate indigenisation efforts.

This venture not only elevates Uttar Pradesh's role in global defence supply chains but also positions India as a competitive UAV exporter. With exports projected to exceed ₹20,000 crores by 2025, such foreign direct investments are pivotal.

Stakeholders anticipate ripple effects on ancillary industries, from precision machining to battery tech. MSMEs in the corridor will benefit from vendor development programmes, spurring innovation in drone peripherals.

Promoteq's ₹500 crore commitment signals robust investor confidence in India's defence sector. It promises technological leapfrogs, job creation, and strategic autonomy, cementing the UP Defence Corridor's status as a defence manufacturing powerhouse.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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The Kremlin has dismissed claims that India has agreed to cease purchasing Russian oil, following assertions made by US President Donald Trump. Speaking to reporters, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov emphasised that no official communication from New Delhi has reached Moscow on this issue, reported The Moscow Times.

Peskov underscored Russia's commitment to its longstanding ties with India, stating, "We respect bilateral US-Indian relations. But we attach no less importance to the development of an advanced strategic partnership between Russia and India." He affirmed Moscow's intent to deepen these relations regardless of external pressures.

Trump's announcement came on Monday, where he unveiled what he described as a landmark India-US trade deal. He claimed that tariffs on Indian goods exported to the US would drop sharply from 50 per cent to 18 per cent. In return, India purportedly pledged to halt all purchases of Russian oil.

According to Trump, Prime Minister Narendra Modi consented to this shift, redirecting India's oil procurement towards the United States and possibly Venezuela. "He agreed to stop buying Russian oil and to buy much more from the United States and, potentially, Venezuela," Trump remarked. He linked the move to broader geopolitical aims, suggesting it could contribute to ending the war in Ukraine.

India currently imports approximately 1.5 million barrels of Russian crude oil daily, constituting over one-third of its total crude imports, as per data from global trade tracker Kpler. This positions India as the world's second-largest buyer of Russian oil, a role it has embraced since Moscow's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

New Delhi has consistently defended these imports as vital for national energy security. With the vast majority of its oil demand met through imports, India prioritises affordable and stable supplies to fuel its economy. Russian crude, often available at discounted rates post-sanctions, has proven particularly attractive.

Historically, Russo-Indian relations centred on defence cooperation rather than energy. Russia has supplied the bulk of India's military hardware, including fighter jets, submarines, and missile systems. Oil imports from Russia were minimal until the Ukraine conflict disrupted global markets.

The post-invasion period marked a pivot. Western sanctions sidelined traditional buyers of Russian oil, allowing India to secure bargains. This arrangement bolstered India's energy reserves while providing Russia with crucial revenue to sustain its war efforts and economy.

As recently as December 2025, during a visit to New Delhi, Russian President Vladimir Putin reaffirmed Moscow's readiness for "uninterrupted shipments" of fuel to India. He acknowledged US pressures but expressed confidence in the partnership's resilience.

Trump's latest overture echoes earlier attempts. In February 2025, after meeting Modi, he predicted India would ramp up purchases of American oil and natural gas. Yet those discussions yielded limited progress, and subsequent US tariffs on Indian exports—initially at 25 per cent—failed to sway New Delhi's stance.

The purported trade deal arrives amid escalating US efforts to isolate Russia economically. Trump's tariff reductions, if confirmed, would ease burdens on key Indian exports like pharmaceuticals, textiles, and electronics, which face stiff competition in the US market.

However, official silence from India raises questions about the deal's status. Neither the Indian Ministry of External Affairs nor the Petroleum Ministry has corroborated Trump's claims. Analysts speculate this could reflect diplomatic caution, multi-alignment in action, or ongoing negotiations.

India's oil strategy embodies its broader foreign policy of strategic autonomy. While deepening ties with the US through initiatives like the Quad and iCET, New Delhi maintains robust defence and energy links with Russia. This balancing act has intensified since the Ukraine war began.

For Russia, India represents a lifeline. Seaborne Russian oil exports to India have surged from negligible levels pre-2022 to record highs, helping Moscow circumvent G7 price caps. Losing this market would strain finances further, especially with global oil prices volatile.

US incentives for India include not just tariff relief but also access to advanced energy technologies and LNG supplies. American shale oil and gas could offer long-term alternatives, though at higher costs than discounted Russian crude.

Trump's comments tie the deal to Ukraine, implying reduced Russian revenues might hasten peace. Yet experts doubt a sudden halt in Indian imports would decisively impact the conflict, given Russia's diversified buyers like China.

India's refining capacity, much of it geared towards heavy Russian grades, complicates any swift switch. State-run refiners such as Indian Oil Corporation have invested heavily in processing Urals crude, making a pivot to lighter US varieties logistically challenging.

Domestic politics in India also factor in. With elections looming and inflation a key concern, cheap oil imports shield consumers from fuel price hikes. Abruptly cutting Russian supplies risks economic backlash.

The Kremlin's measured response signals no panic, banking on historical trust. Russo-Indian trade hit $65 billion in 2025, dominated by energy and arms, with both sides eyeing expansion in defence co-production and nuclear energy.

As details emerge, the episode highlights the intricate dance of great-power rivalry in Asia. India, leveraging its market heft, continues to navigate pressures from Washington and Moscow, prioritising sovereignty and pragmatism.

Verification from Indian sources remains pending. Until then, Trump's bold proclamation stands as a US-centric narrative, while Moscow and New Delhi affirm their enduring alliance.

Moscow Times Report

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Government sources in New Delhi have firmly stated there will be no compromise on farmers' interests amid the newly finalised India-US trade pact. Sensitive sectors such as agriculture and dairy remain fully protected, with key safeguards intact despite expanded market access for other goods.

The landmark agreement follows a phone call on Monday between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump. Trump announced that Washington would slash reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods from 25 per cent to 18 per cent, boosting Indian exports and easing long-standing trade frictions.

A key element of the pact involves India's commitment to purchase Venezuelan crude oil. Sources clarified that these energy deals will proceed from countries not under international sanctions, at prevailing market rates. "We did not buy from Venezuela when sanctions were in place. Now that sanctions are lifted, we will buy," they emphasised.

This shift aligns with Trump's recent comments. Just days ago, he noted that India would opt for Venezuelan oil over Iranian crude, stating, "We have already made the concept of the deal." The move reflects India's pragmatic approach to securing affordable energy supplies amid global volatility.

Prime Minister Modi hailed the pact as creating a "favourable economic environment." He credited the government's consistent, measured strategy in global trade negotiations, which has navigated complex geopolitical pressures to deliver tangible gains.

The deal promises substantial economic benefits. Bilateral trade could surge towards a $500 billion target in the coming years, fostering deeper economic ties while prioritising domestic sectors. More implementation details will emerge as the framework solidifies.

This agreement marks a dramatic turnaround. It comes nearly a year after ties hit a low point, triggered by Trump's imposition of 50 per cent tariffs on Indian goods—among the steepest against any major partner—over New Delhi's purchases of Russian oil.

Those tariffs cast a shadow over economic and strategic cooperation. They disrupted supply chains and heightened tensions, but persistent diplomacy has now paved the way for reconciliation and mutual growth.

India's energy strategy remains flexible and sanction-compliant. By sourcing Venezuelan oil post-sanctions, New Delhi diversifies imports, reduces reliance on pricier alternatives, and supports energy security without geopolitical entanglements.

For farmers and dairy producers, protections are non-negotiable. Government sources reiterated that agricultural sensitivities will not be traded away, ensuring livelihoods remain shielded even as industrial exports gain from lower US tariffs.

The pact underscores broader US-India alignment. It balances trade liberalisation with strategic autonomy, positioning both nations for enhanced collaboration in a multipolar world.

Analysts view this as a win-win. India secures tariff relief and energy options, while the US regains leverage in global energy markets and counters rivals through economic partnerships.

Implementation will be key. Stakeholders await specifics on timelines, exempted sectors, and enforcement mechanisms to translate announcements into on-ground realities.

As details unfold, the agreement signals renewed optimism. It exemplifies how measured diplomacy can resolve flashpoints, paving the way for ambitious trade ambitions.

Based On NDTV Report

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A fierce encounter has erupted between security forces and terrorists in the remote Jaffer forest of Udhampur district, Jammu and Kashmir.

The gunfight broke out on Tuesday during a joint search operation by police and Army personnel in the Ramnagar area. Officials confirmed that the exchange of fire remains ongoing, with no casualties reported on either side as of the latest updates.

The operation commenced early on Monday, prompted by credible intelligence about the movement of two to three suspected terrorists. These terrorists are believed to be affiliated with the Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) outfit, known for its history of cross-border incursions and attacks in the region. The vast, hilly forest terrain provides ideal cover for such groups, complicating efforts by security forces.

Udhampur, part of the Jammu division, has witnessed a surge in terrorist activities in recent months, shifting focus from the more urbanised Kashmir Valley. This encounter follows a pattern of intensified operations against infiltrators exploiting forested routes along the Line of Control. Security sources indicate that JeM operatives have been attempting to regroup amid heightened vigilance post the revocation of Article 370.

The search was launched meticulously, with cordon-and-search tactics deployed to flush out the suspects. Ground teams, supported by drones and possibly canine units, are navigating the dense foliage. Intermittent bursts of gunfire suggest the terrorists are pinned down but resisting fiercely, employing automatic weapons.

No official statements on reinforcements have been issued, though additional Army units from nearby garrisons are likely en route. The Indian Air Force maintains readiness for helicopter support if evacuation or aerial insertion becomes necessary. Local residents in Ramnagar have been advised to remain indoors, with schools and markets shut as a precaution.

This incident underscores the persistent threat posed by externally sponsored terrorism in Jammu province. JeM, designated a global terrorist entity, has claimed responsibility for past strikes like the 2019 Pulwama attack. Indian forces have neutralised over 20 terrorists in similar operations across J&K since January 2026, reflecting a robust counter-insurgency posture.

As the standoff continues into the evening, updates from the scene are awaited. The outcome could yield significant intelligence on JeM networks, potentially disrupting larger plots. Security analysts view such forest-based encounters as critical to pre-empting urban assaults during the ongoing winter lull.

Based On PTI Report

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US President Donald Trump has claimed that India has agreed to halt its imports of Russian crude oil as part of a new trade deal with the United States.

This arrangement reportedly slashes tariffs on Indian goods entering the US market from 50 per cent to 18 per cent. Trump made the announcement on his Truth Social platform, hailing Prime Minister Narendra Modi as "one of my greatest friends."

The deal, according to Trump, involves India replacing its Russian oil purchases with supplies from the United States and potentially Venezuela. He framed this shift as a step towards ending the war in Ukraine, where thousands continue to die weekly. However, full details of the pact remain undisclosed, leaving room for speculation on its scope.

India currently imports around 1.5 million barrels of Russian crude per day, accounting for over one-third of its total oil imports. Data from global trade tracker Kpler positions India as the world's second-largest buyer of Russian crude. This reliance intensified after Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, when discounted Russian oil became a boon for India's energy security.

Prime Minister Modi responded positively to the tariff reduction on X, describing it as "wonderful" news. He praised Trump's leadership for fostering global peace, stability, and prosperity but stopped short of confirming any cut in Russian oil purchases. The Indian government has long defended these imports as vital for meeting domestic energy demands.

Historically, India-Russia ties centred on defence, with Moscow supplying the bulk of New Delhi's military hardware. Energy played a minor role until post-invasion discounts prompted a surge in Russian crude flows. This pragmatic move helped India bolster supplies while aiding Russia's war economy.

Trump's assertion echoes earlier unfulfilled promises. In October 2025, he claimed Modi had pledged to end Russian oil buys, yet no deal emerged. As recently as December 2025, President Vladimir Putin visited New Delhi and vowed uninterrupted fuel shipments despite US pressure.

The proposal to pivot to Venezuelan oil hinges on its similarity to Russian crude—both sour and heavy, ideal for India's refineries geared towards diesel and fuel oil production. Yet Venezuela's output pales in comparison; New Delhi imports far more from Russia than Caracas produces today.

Venezuela's oil infrastructure lies in ruins after decades under socialist rule, requiring tens of billions in investment and over a decade to revive pre-1999 levels of more than 3 million barrels per day. Partial replacement might be feasible, but fully supplanting Russian volumes poses steep challenges.

Rob Haworth, senior investment strategy director at US Bank Asset Management, told CNN that significant investments would be needed for a complete switch to Venezuelan or US oil. Over time, he noted, this could strain Russia's economy further by eroding a key revenue stream.

For India, the third-largest oil importer globally, energy security remains paramount. Over 80 per cent of its crude needs come from abroad, making diversified sources critical amid volatile geopolitics. Russian oil's discount—often 20-30 per cent below benchmarks—has saved billions, cushioning consumers from price shocks.

The tariff cut to 18 per cent marks a competitive edge for India over rivals like China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, which face higher US duties. This could boost exports of textiles, pharmaceuticals, and electronics, sectors hit hard by previous levies. Trade leaders have hailed it as a turning point in bilateral ties.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar echoed this optimism, stating the deal would strengthen "Make in India" initiatives and spur growth. It aligns with New Delhi's push for indigenous manufacturing amid global supply chain shifts.

Yet the Russian oil clause tests India's strategic autonomy. Balancing ties with the US—its largest defence partner after Russia—while securing cheap energy has defined Modi's diplomacy. Past instances, like buying discounted Russian oil despite G7 sanctions, underscore this tightrope.

Broader implications ripple through global energy markets. A Russian oil exit by India could depress Moscow's revenues, already squeezed by Western sanctions, potentially hastening Ukraine peace talks as Trump envisions. Conversely, it might inflate global prices if alternative supplies falter.

US shale producers stand to gain, with increased Indian demand filling tankers headed east. Venezuela, under easing US sanctions, could see a revival lifeline, though political risks linger. For India, higher costs from pricier US or Venezuelan barrels might fuel inflation.

Sceptics question the deal's feasibility without ironclad commitments. India's refiners, optimised for Russian grades, face technical hurdles adapting to lighter US crudes. Retrofitting could take years and billions, per industry estimates.

This fits Trump's "America First" revival, using trade levers to isolate Russia. It pressures India, a Quad member countering China, to align more firmly with Washington. Modi’s reticence on oil cuts suggests negotiations continue behind closed doors.

As details emerge, markets watch closely. Brent crude dipped slightly post-announcement, reflecting uncertainty. India’s December 2025 data showed Russian imports at record highs, hinting at any pivot's gradual nature.

Ultimately, this pact could redefine India-US relations, blending economic incentives with security goals. Whether it curbs Russian oil flows or proves another false dawn remains to be seen.

Agencies

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India has committed over $10 billion to bolster its rare earth sector, aiming to diminish dependence on China for these vital minerals.

The Ministry of Finance unveiled this ambitious strategy in the Union Budget 2026-27, targeting enhancements in rare earth mining alongside accelerated clean energy development. This forms part of a wider effort to safeguard India's access to critical resources amid volatile global supply chains.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted the establishment of specialised rare earth corridors across four coastal states: Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

These integrated hubs will connect mining operations, processing plants, research facilities, and manufacturing units to streamline the extraction and refinement of rare earth elements (REEs). Such corridors promise to transform coastal monazite-rich sands into economic powerhouses.

This initiative builds on a ₹7,280 crore ($800 million) scheme approved in late 2025 for domestic production of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPM). The plan seeks an annual output of 6,000 metric tonnes, leveraging India's estimated reserves of 8.52 million tonnes of REEs. These magnets are indispensable for high-tech applications, underscoring the strategic urgency of self-reliance.

To lure investments, the budget offers sweeping tax incentives, including full exemptions for critical mineral processing. Rare earths underpin key sectors like electric vehicles, wind turbines, semiconductors, defence electronics, and smartphones. In Kerala, the corridor alone is expected to draw ₹42,000 crore ($4.6 billion) in investments, generating approximately 50,000 jobs.

The REPM programme spans seven years, with the initial two devoted to infrastructure setup and the remaining five to performance-linked incentives. Up to five global participants will be selected via a competitive process, prioritising technological prowess and market viability. Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu emphasised that domestic exploration and processing will curb import vulnerabilities.

Parallel to rare earths, the government has earmarked over ₹87,000 crore ($9.6 billion) for renewable energy expansion, encompassing power generation and nuclear advancements. The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) secured ₹32,914.7 crore ($3.7 billion), a 30% rise from last year's revised estimates, signalling robust commitment.

A flagship allocation of ₹22,000 crore ($2.4 billion) supports the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, launched on 13 February 2024. This scheme promises up to 300 units of free monthly electricity to 10 million households, fostering rooftop solar adoption. With a total outlay of ₹75,021 crore ($8.2 billion), it aims to slash 720 million tonnes of carbon emissions over 25 years.

Complementing this, the PM-KUSUM (Agri-Solar) initiative receives ₹5,000 crore ($550 million). Introduced in 2019, it provides up to 60% subsidies for farmers to deploy solar pumps, modernise grid-connected pumps, and establish solar plants on fallow land. These measures seek to elevate farmer incomes, reduce diesel consumption, and fortify energy security.

The budget introduces a ₹20,000 crore ($2.2 billion) five-year plan for Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS). Targeted at decarbonising steel, cement, and power industries, it aligns with India's net-zero ambitions by 2070. This reflects a pragmatic approach to balancing industrial growth with environmental imperatives.

Nuclear energy receives a significant thrust, with the Department of Atomic Energy allocated ₹24,124 crore ($2.7 billion). Research and development funding for the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has nearly doubled to ₹1,800 crore ($198 million). Tax incentives further expedite infrastructure, including extended customs duty exemptions for nuclear imports until 2035, now applicable to all plant sizes.

The Nuclear Energy Mission prioritises Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and 'Bharat Small Reactors' (BSRs), with plans to commission at least five indigenous SMRs by 2033. Retired coal plant sites may be repurposed for nuclear facilities, optimising land use. Capacity targets include 22 GW by 2032, 47 GW by 2037, 67 GW by 2042, and 100 GW by 2047.

India's civil nuclear ties with Russia remain pivotal, centred on the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) in Tamil Nadu. Russia is building six 1,000 MW reactors and providing fuel, with the first two units already operational. As India's primary nuclear fuel supplier, this partnership bolsters long-term energy security.

These investments position India as a formidable player in critical minerals and clean energy, fostering economic resilience, job creation, and technological sovereignty.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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US President Donald Trump has claimed that India has agreed to halt its imports of Russian crude oil as part of a new trade deal that slashes tariffs on Indian goods from 50 per cent to 18 per cent.

Posting on his Truth Social platform, Trump described Prime Minister Narendra Modi as "one of my greatest friends" and stated that New Delhi would pivot to sourcing oil from the United States and Venezuela instead.

India currently imports around 1.5 million barrels of Russian crude per day, accounting for over one-third of its total oil imports, according to data from global trade tracker Kpler. This makes India the world's second-largest buyer of Russian oil, a position it solidified after discounted prices emerged following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

Trump's announcement on Monday emphasised that the deal would help "end the war in Ukraine," where thousands continue to die weekly. While full details of the pact remain undisclosed, the tariff reduction positions India favourably compared to neighbours like China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, which face higher US duties.

Prime Minister Modi welcomed the "wonderful" tariff news in a post on X, praising Trump's leadership for advancing global peace, stability, and prosperity. Notably, however, he made no direct reference to curtailing Russian oil purchases, focusing instead on the economic uplift from lower tariffs.

India's government has long defended its Russian oil trade as vital for energy security. The country imports nearly all its oil needs, with refineries optimised for processing heavy, sour crudes like those from Russia. This shift began post-invasion, as discounted Russian supplies helped stabilise India's economy amid volatile global prices.

Historically, India-Russia ties centred on defence, with Moscow supplying the bulk of New Delhi's military hardware. Energy was a smaller pillar until recent years, when India capitalised on Russia's need to redirect exports away from sanctioned Western markets.

Trump asserted that India would replace Russian imports with oil from the US and "potentially Venezuela." Venezuelan crude shares qualities with Russian oil—heavy and sour, ideal for Indian refineries producing diesel and fuel oil. Yet challenges loom large.

Venezuela's oil production has plummeted from over 3 million barrels per day in the late 1990s to far lower levels today, crippled by dilapidated infrastructure under its socialist regime. Restoring capacity would demand tens of billions in investment and over a decade of work.

India, the world's third-largest oil importer, buys more from Russia daily than Venezuela produces annually in viable volumes. Experts like Rob Haworth, senior investment strategy director at US Bank Asset Management, note that fully substituting Russian supplies would require massive investments.

"Over time, this may create additional challenges for the Russian economy," Haworth told CNN, highlighting potential pressure on Moscow's war funding. Still, Indian officials have prioritised pragmatic energy deals over geopolitical alignment.

Russian oil has repeatedly stalled India-US progress. In December 2025, President Vladimir Putin visited New Delhi and pledged "uninterrupted shipments" despite US pressure. Trump claimed in October that Modi had promised a halt, but no deal materialised then.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar has framed such trade pacts as boosters for "Make in India" and growth. Industry leaders hailed the tariff cut as a "turning point" in bilateral ties, potentially unlocking exports in textiles, pharmaceuticals, and electronics.

The deal arrives amid Trump's renewed focus on trade imbalances. India's US exports have grown, but punitive tariffs—initially 25 per cent—had strained relations. Reducing them to 18 per cent could save Indian exporters billions annually.

For Russia, losing India's market would sting. Seaborne Russian crude exports to India hit record highs in 2025, sustaining revenues despite G7 price caps. A full cutoff could force steeper discounts elsewhere.

India's refiners, including state giants like Indian Oil Corporation, have adapted seamlessly to Russian grades. Switching to US light sweet crudes might demand refinery tweaks, raising costs short-term. Venezuela, under US sanctions relief pressures, could benefit. Limited shipments to India have already begun, but scaling up hinges on political stability and foreign investment.

Sceptics question the timeline. India's energy ministry has not confirmed the oil pivot, and Russian supplies remain cheaper. Logistics, too, favour nearby Middle East and Russian ports over transatlantic hauls.

Trump's rhetoric ties the deal to Ukraine peace, echoing his campaign pledges. Yet analysts doubt oil shifts alone would end the conflict, given Europe's ongoing Russian gas dependence.

As details emerge, markets watch closely. Brent crude dipped slightly post-announcement, reflecting supply shift expectations. Indian shares in export sectors rose, betting on tariff relief.

This pact underscores India's multi-alignment strategy: economic pragmatism with the US, energy realism with Russia. Whether it fully materialises—and at what pace—will shape South Asia's energy landscape for years.

Agencies

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Here's a detailed report expanding on the Supreme Court proceedings involving Meta and WhatsApp's privacy policy, drawing from the reported court observations and background of the case.

The Supreme Court of India delivered a stern rebuke to Meta, the parent company of WhatsApp, during a hearing on Tuesday. A bench presided over by Chief Justice Surya Kant sharply criticised the tech giant's privacy practices, warning that it would not tolerate any compromise on Indian citizens' data privacy.

The court declared unequivocally, "You can't play with privacy... we will not allow you to share a single digit of our data." This came amid arguments over WhatsApp's controversial 2021 privacy policy update, which has been at the centre of legal battles for years.

The bench emphasised India's constitutional protections, with the Chief Justice stating, "If you can't follow our Constitution, leave India." He underscored that the court would not permit exploitation of the country's vast user base, many of whom rely on WhatsApp for daily communication.

Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, representing the government, labelled the policy "exploitative" for enabling user data sharing for commercial advertising purposes. The court agreed, highlighting how such practices undermine trust in digital platforms.

Pointed observations were made about the policy's accessibility. The judges questioned whether it could be comprehended by millions of poor and uneducated Indians, including "a poor woman or a roadside vendor, or someone who only speaks Tamil."

The Chief Justice remarked, "Sometimes even we have difficulty understanding your policies." He challenged the notion of an 'opt-out' clause, asking how rural residents in Bihar could possibly grasp its implications.

This, he argued, amounted to "a way of committing theft of private information." The court refused to allow such opacity to prevail, prioritising user comprehension over corporate fine print.

To illustrate the real-world impact, the Chief Justice shared a personal anecdote. He described sending a message to a doctor about feeling unwell, receiving a prescription, and then immediately seeing targeted advertisements for medicines.

Such examples, he noted, reveal how user interactions are monetised without genuine consent, eroding privacy at every turn. The bench made it clear that end-to-end encryption—WhatsApp's key defence—does not excuse metadata sharing or behavioural profiling.

Senior Advocates Mukul Rohatgi and Akhil Sibal, appearing for Meta and WhatsApp, countered that all messages remain end-to-end encrypted, preventing even the company from accessing content. They affirmed that the ₹213 crore penalty imposed by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) had already been deposited.

However, the court remained unmoved, focusing on the broader implications of data dominance. WhatsApp's policy had mandated users to accept data-sharing with other Meta platforms to continue using core messaging features, a practice deemed coercive.

The case traces back to November 2024, when the CCI ruled that WhatsApp abused its dominant market position. With over 500 million users in India, the platform's leverage was seen as forcing unacceptable terms.

The penalty stemmed from this anti-competitive behaviour, particularly linking chat functionality to broader Facebook ecosystem data flows. Users faced account downgrading—losing access to chats—if they refused.

In January 2025, Meta and WhatsApp challenged the CCI order in the Supreme Court. A cross-appeal by the CCI sought to curb data sharing for advertising, alleging it stifled competition.

November 2025 saw the company law tribunal intervene, upholding the fine but setting aside a five-year ban on data sharing. It ruled there was no 'abuse of power' in the sharing mechanism itself, prompting further appeals.

This latest hearing revives scrutiny on whether WhatsApp's model truly respects privacy or prioritises profits. The court's intervention signals a pivotal moment for regulating Big Tech in India.

Broader implications loom for other platforms. The emphasis on plain-language policies and constitutional compliance could reshape data governance, protecting vulnerable users from exploitative terms.

India's digital landscape, with its mix of urban tech-savvy users and rural masses, demands equitable safeguards. The Supreme Court's stance reinforces that no foreign entity can dictate terms at the expense of national interests.

As proceedings continue, Meta faces mounting pressure to overhaul its approach. Failure to align with Indian standards risks not just fines, but operational curbs in one of its largest markets.

Agencies

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The White House has hailed a landmark India-US trade deal as a historic victory, with Deputy Press Secretary Kush Desai praising it effusively on social media platform X.

In a post, Desai described US President Donald Trump as the "Dealmaker in Chief" for securing an agreement with India, a fast-growing economy ranking among the world's top five and home to over one billion people.

He emphasised that the pact represents another triumph for American workers, farmers, and industries.

India's Ambassador to the US, Vinay Mohan Kwatra, echoed this enthusiasm, calling the deal a "big WIN" for the strategic partnership under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Trump.

Kwatra highlighted how the agreement opens vast new opportunities for the economies and peoples of both nations. He noted that the announcements signal an exciting new phase in bilateral relations, building on years of deepening ties.

A key feature of the deal is India's favourable tariff treatment compared to Pakistan. Under an Executive Order issued by President Trump on 31 July 2025, Pakistan faces new reciprocal tariff rates, including a 19 per cent levy. India, by contrast, has secured lower rates, underscoring the US's prioritisation of its partnership with New Delhi amid shifting South Asian dynamics.

This development comes amid External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar's three-day visit to the United States. On Tuesday, Jaishankar is scheduled to hold talks with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Department of State at 3:30 pm local time. The discussions are expected to cover trade implementation, strategic cooperation, and regional security.

Jaishankar's itinerary also includes participation in the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial on 4 February, hosted by Washington. Ahead of the event, the US Department of State announced that Secretary Rubio aims to unite global partners to bolster cooperation on critical mineral supply chains. These minerals, vital for batteries, semiconductors, and defence technologies, form a cornerstone of future economic and strategic resilience.

The trade deal emerges against a backdrop of robust India-US economic engagement. Bilateral trade has surged in recent years, with India becoming one of America's largest trading partners. The agreement addresses long-standing issues like tariff barriers, agricultural access, and digital trade, while aligning with Trump's "America First" agenda and Modi's "Make in India" push for manufacturing self-reliance.

For American stakeholders, the pact promises enhanced market access for exports such as soybeans, almonds, and high-tech goods. Desai's comments reflect optimism that it will safeguard jobs in rust-belt states and farming communities, countering competition from lower-cost producers.

From India's perspective, lower tariffs facilitate greater exports of pharmaceuticals, textiles, and engineering goods. Ambassador Kwatra's remarks suggest the deal could accelerate investments in sectors like semiconductors and renewable energy, where both nations seek to diversify supply chains away from China.

Geopolitically, the timing is significant. With Pakistan facing steeper tariffs, the US appears to reward India's alignment on issues like counter-terrorism, Indo-Pacific stability, and the Quad framework. This contrasts with strained US-Pakistan relations, strained further by Islamabad's overtures to Beijing.

Jaishankar-Rubio talks may also touch on defence co-production, with ongoing initiatives like GE F414 jet engine manufacturing in India gaining momentum. The critical minerals forum aligns with US efforts to secure rare earths and lithium, areas where India holds processing potential.

Critics in both countries have voiced concerns. Some US farm lobbies worry about Indian dairy subsidies, while Indian manufacturers fear competition from American steel. Nonetheless, both leaders frame the deal as mutually beneficial, with provisions for future reviews.

As Modi and Trump continue their rapport—evident in recent summits—this pact reinforces the India-US relationship as a counterweight to global uncertainties. It positions both nations to capitalise on India's demographic dividend and America's innovation edge.

The announcement, reported by ANI on 3 February 2026 from Washington DC, has sparked positive reactions across capitals. With Jaishankar's visit underway, further details on implementation timelines and sector-specific gains are anticipated soon.

Based On ANI Report

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Congress MP Manish Tewari has sharply criticised the newly announced India-US trade deal, questioning whether it compromises India's long-cherished strategic autonomy. In a pointed post on X, he highlighted demands for India to cease oil purchases from Russia, impose no tariffs on American imports, and commit to buying $500 billion worth of US energy, technology, agriculture, and coal, while facing an 18 per cent reciprocal tariff on its exports. Tewari's outburst—"What the hell happened to India's strategic autonomy?"—captures growing unease among opposition voices over the deal's terms.

The controversy erupted following a phone call between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump, whom Trump praised as a "powerful and respected leader." Trump announced the pact on X, claiming Modi agreed to halt Russian oil imports in favour of greater purchases from the US and "potentially" Venezuela.

This move, Trump argued, would aid efforts to end the Russia-Ukraine war, amid thousands of weekly casualties. A White House official confirmed to ANI that the US would lift its additional 25 per cent tariff on Indian imports—imposed over Russian oil buys—only if India fully ceases, rather than merely reduces, those purchases.

India has relied heavily on discounted Russian crude since Moscow's 2022 invasion of Ukraine triggered Western sanctions, boosting Russia's share of India's oil imports to around 40 per cent by 2023-24.

However, volumes have declined from over 2 million barrels per day in mid-2025 to 1.6 million by September, amid US pressure including tariff hikes to 50 per cent and threats of further escalation. The US has pitched Venezuelan oil as an alternative, following the capture of former president Nicolás Maduro in January 2026 and Washington's subsequent control over Caracas's hydrocarbons sector.

Under the deal's outline, India will eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers on US goods, while the US reduces its tariff on Indian exports from 25 per cent to 18 per cent—a concession Modi hailed on X as beneficial for "Made in India" products.

Yet Tewari decried the asymmetry, asking how India could feasibly procure $500 billion in US goods annually. Complete details remain undisclosed, prompting calls for parliamentary scrutiny to reveal any "conditions precedent."

This development aligns with broader US efforts to redirect global energy flows away from Russia, including overtures to India for Venezuelan crude after Caracas opened its sector to private firms.

Venezuelan interim leader Delcy Rodríguez recently discussed energy cooperation with Modi. Critics like Tewari warn that such shifts could erode India's non-aligned foreign policy tradition, especially as New Delhi navigates ties with Russia amid ongoing defence and energy dependencies.

Tewari's intervention echoes his history of raising economic red flags, from rupee depreciation to air pollution and electoral reforms. Opposition leaders, including KC Venugopal, have joined debates on related issues like budget concessions and nuclear energy bills. As the deal unfolds, it risks amplifying domestic political tensions ahead of key parliamentary sessions.

The pact underscores shifting Indo-US economic ties under Trump's second term, building on prior tariff battles but introducing geopolitical strings tied to Ukraine and Venezuela. While proponents see gains in market access, detractors fear a precedent for coerced diversification that prioritises Washington's agenda over India's multi-vector diplomacy.

Based On ANI Report

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India's Ambassador to the United States, Vinay Mohan Kwatra, has warmly welcomed a landmark trade agreement between New Delhi and Washington, describing it as a significant milestone in bilateral relations.

Speaking from Washington DC on 3 February 2026, Kwatra praised the deal as a "big WIN for a consequential partnership" forged under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump.

In a statement posted on X, the envoy highlighted how the agreement unlocks "vast new opportunities" for the economies and peoples of both nations, marking the onset of an "exciting new phase" in their strategic ties.

This trade pact notably grants India more favourable tariff rates compared to Pakistan, which faces a 19 per cent reciprocal tariff under an Executive Order issued by President Trump on 31 July 2025.

The development coincides with External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar's ongoing three-day visit to the United States, underscoring the momentum in India-US engagements.

Jaishankar is scheduled to hold high-level talks with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Department of State on Tuesday at 3:30 pm local time, ahead of key multilateral discussions. The minister's itinerary includes participation in the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial on 4 February, hosted by Washington to bolster global cooperation on supply chains vital for economic security and technological advancement.

Announcing the event, the US Department of State emphasised Secretary Rubio's role in uniting international partners to ensure resilient critical mineral supplies, essential for national security, energy transitions, and innovation.

Jaishankar himself endorsed the trade deal via a post on X, noting that it will "create more jobs, spur growth and promote innovation in both economies."

He further stressed its alignment with India's "Make in India" initiative, while fostering "trusted technology ties" between the two countries. This agreement arrives against a backdrop of intensifying India-US strategic convergence, particularly in countering regional challenges and advancing shared economic interests.

Kwatra's enthusiastic endorsement reflects New Delhi's optimism about deepened economic integration, potentially reshaping trade dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region.

The tariff disparity with Pakistan signals Washington's nuanced approach to South Asian trade, favouring allies like India amid ongoing geopolitical recalibrations.

Jaishankar's visit thus serves as a pivotal platform to translate this trade momentum into broader cooperation on critical minerals, a sector crucial for defence technologies, electric vehicles, and renewable energy.

Such minerals—encompassing lithium, cobalt, and rare earths—are indispensable for India's aerospace and defence ambitions, including indigenous manufacturing under Atmanirbhar Bharat.

The focus on supply chain resilience aligns closely with India's interests in securing raw materials for its growing missile systems, UAVs, and space programs led by ISRO. For the US, the partnership counters over-reliance on adversarial suppliers, bolstering mutual technological leadership amid global tensions.

Prime Minister Modi's rapport with President Trump, evident in recent talks, has evidently paved the way for this deal, building on prior defence and trade pacts.

Analysts view this as a counterweight to China's dominance in critical minerals, enhancing India-US interoperability in strategic domains. Jaishankar's meetings could yield further commitments on joint ventures, technology transfers, and investment flows, amplifying the trade agreement's impact.

India's defence sector, with its emphasis on self-reliance, stands to gain immensely from reliable mineral access, supporting projects like Gaganyaan and hypersonic missile development. The envoy's remarks and ministerial agenda collectively herald a fortified economic pillar in the Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.

As negotiations progress, this phase promises sustained growth, job creation, and innovation, cementing India-US ties for the years ahead.

Based On ANI Report

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Recent coordinated attacks by the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) across twelve locations in Balochistan have intensified the province's long-simmering insurgency against Pakistani forces.

These strikes, spanning last Friday into the weekend, claimed the lives of at least ten security personnel, alongside fifty civilians and seventeen more troops in total. Balochistan's Chief Minister, Sarfaraz Bugti, appeared visibly distraught, even tearful, amid the chaos targeting police, security installations, and civilian infrastructure.

What captured global attention were images released by the BLA showing two female attackers, marking a stark evolution in the conflict. Previously viewed as a male-dominated tribal rebellion, the Baloch resistance now features women as frontline fighters and suicide bombers.

This shift stems from brutal Pakistani military repression, including enforced disappearances and economic exploitation, particularly tied to Chinese projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

One attacker, 24-year-old Asifa Mengal, joined the BLA's elite Majeed Brigade on her 21st birthday and became a fidayeen operative in January 2024. She targeted the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) headquarters in Nushki. Pakistan's Defence Minister, Khawaja Asif, confirmed the involvement of female rebels in these assaults, underscoring their tactical impact.

A viral video further highlighted this trend, depicting a BLA woman fighter navigating a security forces' building with precision. Armed with a heavy weapon, she laughed alongside male comrades, mocking Islamabad's inability to counter the BLA. She justified her actions amid gunfire, smiling defiantly before resuming her assault, symbolising a new face of Baloch defiance.

This phenomenon is not isolated. The pattern of Baloch women embracing armed struggle dates back to the 2022 Karachi University bombing, where Shari Baloch, a 30-year-old mother of two holding a master's degree, detonated herself outside the Confucius Institute, killing three Chinese nationals and a driver. In June 2022, journalist Sumaiya Qalandrani Baloch attacked a military convoy in Turbat, following her fiancé's earlier suicide mission.

More recently, in early 2025, science graduate Banuk Mahikan Baloch struck a Frontier Corps vehicle in Kalat, killing one and injuring three, just before the Jaffar Express hijacking. These women hail from diverse, educated backgrounds, reflecting the insurgency's shift from tribal leadership to a middle-class, urban-driven movement.

The catalyst lies in Pakistan's iron-fisted response to Baloch dissent. Enforced disappearances have claimed over 5,000 lives since 2000, mostly men, according to the Voice for Baloch Missing Persons. With fathers, brothers, and husbands vanishing or dying, women—once sidelined—have stepped forward, channeling grief into action.

Pakistani political scientist Ayesha Siddiqa, a senior fellow at King's College London, explains that women join insurgencies when desperation overtakes disappointment. Families endure loss without justice, met only by silence and impunity, transforming personal suffering into collective violence.

Cultural shifts amplify this. Yasmeen, wife of Majeed Brigade founder Aslam Baloch, urged women in 2019 to shatter patriarchal barriers, insisting liberation demands their participation. Unlike religiously hierarchical groups such as Hamas or the Houthis, the BLA's secular ethno-nationalism enables educated women to fight equally.

Strategically, female fighters evade Pakistan's focus on young men, inflicting maximum damage and fear, as noted by strategic affairs expert Brahma Chellaney. They target Chinese interests effectively, compensating for the BLA's resource constraints through sophisticated tactics.

Critics from Pakistan's establishment counter that the BLA exploits vulnerable women via propaganda, grievances, emotional manipulation, or blackmail. Analyst Michael Kugelman attributes the crisis to Islamabad's policy failures, which fuel recruitment by exploiting anti-state anger.

The toll is mounting. Baloch suicide bombings have killed at least 350 since 2011, with about fifteen linked to women. In 2024, 685 security personnel died, per the Centre for Research and Security Studies. 2025 marked Pakistan's deadliest year in over a decade, with conflict deaths surging 74%, straining the army amid multi-front battles, including against the Pakistani Taliban.

Divided across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan fronts, Pakistan faces relentless blows. Baloch women, from peaceful protesters like jailed activist Mahrang Baloch to armed Fidayeen, embody a resistance born of rage and resolve, vowing to free their motherland from perceived occupation.

Based On India Today Report

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Tuesday, February 3, 2026

India Successfully Tests Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet, Unlocking Elite Long-Range Air-To-Air Missile Capability

DRDO Accelerates Land-Attack LR-AShM Variant To Bolster Tri-Service Strike Capabilities

Adani Defence And Italian Firm Leonardo To Manufacture Helicopters In India To Power India's Self-Reliance Drive

Swedish Firm Promoteq Announces ₹500 Cr UAV Plant In UP Defence Corridor

Haven't Heard From India About Stopping Purchases of Russian Oil: Kremlin

'Farmers Protected, Will Buy Oil From Non-Sanctioned Nations': Sources On India-US Deal

Encounter Breaks-Out In Jammu & Kashmir's Udhampur

Trump Says India To Stop Russia Oil Imports After US Trade Deal

India's $10B Push: Rare Earth Independence And Clean Energy Surge In Budget 2026-27

Modi Hails Tariff Cuts As Trump Claims India Will Ditch Russian Oil For US-Venezuela Supplies

'If You Cannot Follow The Constitution of India, Exit India' Chief Justice Warns Meta Over WhatsApp Policy

'Historic Victory,' White House Deputy Press Secretary Lauds India-US Deal

Congress MP Tewari Slams India-US Trade Pact Says 'Has New Delhi Traded Strategic Autonomy'

India-US Trade Pact Ushers In Bold Era of Prosperity, Envoy Declares

From Silent Grief to Deadly Resolve: Baloch Women Rain Death On Pak Forces

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