India Must Prioritise Tracked Howitzers As US Army Tests K9 Mobile System

The United States Army has moved forward in its artillery modernisation drive by selecting Hanwha Defence USA to advance in the Mobile Tactical Cannon program, Times of India reported.

The South Korean firm will deliver up to eighteen prototypes of its wheeled K9 Mobile Howitzer for testing and soldier trials over the next four years.

This limited procurement is intended to explore replacing the long‑serving M777 towed howitzers with a more mobile, longer‑range system.

The Indian Army also operates the M777 ultra‑light howitzer in limited numbers, but the American decision highlights a broader shift towards mobility and precision.

The K9 Mobile Howitzer is derived from Hanwha’s tracked K9 gun, which is already in service with South Korea, India, Poland and several other nations.

The tracked K9 has become one of South Korea’s most successful defence exports. Both the tracked and wheeled versions mount a 52‑calibre 155mm cannon, capable of ranges up to sixty kilometres, nearly double that of the M777.

Wheeled systems provide advantages in mobility and rapid deployment, though tracked designs remain superior in off‑road performance and protection. The US Army has been studying this shift since 2019, and while Hanwha’s selection is significant, it does not guarantee adoption.

India is already well underway on a similar journey under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan. This plan aims to replace legacy 105mm Indian Field Guns with modern 155mm systems across the gun‑based units of the Regiment of Artillery.

Indigenous projects such as the Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System, Dhanush and the Pinaka rocket launcher are central to this effort. The K‑9 Vajra‑T, a variant of Hanwha’s design, has been indigenised with substantial local content and has proven its worth in Ladakh. A mobile gun system based on ATAGS is also under development, reflecting India’s emphasis on mobility and precision.

Private industry has joined the push, with the Kalyani Group’s Bharat‑52 and MaRG 39 guns complementing Tata and Larsen & Toubro’s contributions. Together, these efforts highlight a synergy between public and private sectors in building a self‑reliant artillery ecosystem.

However, India’s current focus has leaned more towards wheeled systems, while the Americans are now evaluating tracked mobility as a replacement for the M777. This is where India must take note.

Tracked howitzers such as the K9 Vajra offer superior off‑road mobility, protection and survivability in high‑intensity combat environments. They can manoeuvre across rugged terrain, sustain operations in deserts, plains and mountains, and withstand counter‑battery fire through rapid shoot‑and‑scoot tactics. 

Wheeled systems are lighter and faster on roads, but they lack the resilience and protection of tracked platforms in contested zones. For India, which faces diverse operational theatres ranging from the high Himalayas to desert expanses, tracked artillery provides a more versatile solution.

The American decision to test the K9 Mobile Howitzer should serve as a reminder that modern artillery must combine range, mobility and precision firepower to remain decisive.

India has already demonstrated the effectiveness of the tracked Vajra in Ladakh, where its deployment after the Galwan clashes proved critical in extreme cold weather conditions.

Expanding the tracked fleet would ensure that India’s artillery arm remains capable of rapid manoeuvre, sustained firepower and survivability against technologically advanced adversaries.

While wheeled systems have their place in rapid deployment and road‑based mobility, India should adopt the same policy as the Americans by prioritising tracked howitzers for its future artillery requirements.

This would provide the Indian Army with a balanced mix of systems, ensuring that its artillery remains effective across all terrains and operational scenarios. The synergy between indigenous development and proven foreign designs like the Vajra offers India a pathway to strengthen its artillery arm while maintaining self‑reliance.

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Zenith’s Vijay-Z1 UAV Sets Endurance Record In High-Altitude Army Trials

Zenith Unmanned Systems has successfully demonstrated its Vijay-Z1 UAV in Indian Army high-altitude trials, achieving a record endurance of 78 minutes at 14,000 feet under adverse weather conditions.

This sets a benchmark for small-class tactical UAVs operating in thin air environments, highlighting India’s growing indigenous drone capabilities.

Zenith Unmanned Systems recently conducted high-altitude trials of its Vijay-Z1 UAV with the Indian Army. The drone achieved a flight endurance of one hour and 18 minutes, or 78 minutes, at an altitude of 14,000 feet.

This performance is notable as it represents the longest recorded flight time for a small-class tactical UAV in thin air conditions, where reduced oxygen density typically limits endurance.

The trials were carried out under adverse high-altitude weather conditions, further validating the robustness of the Vijay-Z1 platform. Operating in such environments is a significant challenge for UAV systems, as thin air reduces lift efficiency and places additional strain on propulsion systems. Achieving sustained endurance in these conditions demonstrates the maturity of Zenith’s design and engineering.

The Vijay-Z1 UAV belongs to the small tactical class, designed for reconnaissance, surveillance, and operational support in forward areas. Its endurance of 78 minutes provides commanders with extended aerial coverage, enabling persistent monitoring of high-altitude sectors.

This capability is particularly valuable in regions such as Ladakh and Siachen, where terrain and weather severely restrict conventional aerial assets.

The drone’s successful trial underscores the importance of indigenous UAV development in India’s defence modernisation program. By achieving endurance benchmarks in high-altitude conditions, Zenith Unmanned Systems has positioned the Vijay-Z1 as a reliable platform for military operations in contested border regions.

The UAV’s performance also highlights India’s ability to reduce dependence on foreign systems by fielding home-grown solutions tailored to local operational requirements.

High-altitude UAVs are increasingly critical for surveillance, logistics, and tactical support in mountainous terrain. The Vijay-Z1’s demonstrated endurance makes it suitable for missions such as border monitoring, artillery coordination, and rapid response in remote areas. Its deployment would enhance situational awareness and provide real-time intelligence to ground forces operating in inhospitable conditions.

Zenith’s achievement comes at a time when India is expanding its indigenous drone ecosystem. Companies across the country are developing platforms ranging from micro UAVs for Special Forces to vertical take-off and landing drones for tactical reconnaissance.

The Vijay-Z1 adds to this growing portfolio by proving its capability in one of the most demanding operational environments.

The successful trial also reflects India’s broader Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, which emphasises self-reliance in defence technology. By setting endurance benchmarks in high-altitude trials, the Vijay-Z1 strengthens India’s indigenous UAV capabilities and contributes to the country’s strategic preparedness.

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Indian Army Seeks Vendors For New Artillery Mobility Platform

The Indian Army has issued requirements for a new dedicated mobility platform to tow field artillery guns, emphasising rapid deployment, firing, and immediate relocation to counter enemy threats.

The specifications demand a 4×4 cross‑country vehicle with a 4,000 kg towing capacity, remote operation capability, and performance benchmarks tailored for survivability in contested environments.

The Army is seeking vendors to design and develop this specialised platform to enhance artillery mobility. The system must be capable of towing heavy field guns while maintaining agility across diverse terrains.

A towing capacity of 4,000 kg ensures compatibility with standard artillery pieces, while the 4×4 configuration provides cross‑country mobility essential for deployment in mountains, deserts, and infrastructure‑constrained areas.

The platform must deliver a peak motor power of 10 kW, sufficient to handle heavy loads under operational conditions. A range of 20 km under full load is mandated, ensuring tactical repositioning without refuelling or recharging interruptions. The loaded speed requirement of 8–10 km/h reflects the balance between safe towing and rapid redeployment under fire.

Gradient‑climbing capability of 25% is specified, allowing the platform to negotiate slopes and rugged terrain. This is critical for artillery units operating in high‑altitude regions or uneven battlefields. Remote operation is a key feature, enabling crews to control the platform without direct exposure to enemy fire, thereby enhancing survivability.

The Army’s focus on rapid deployment and immediate relocation after firing reflects the increasing importance of “shoot‑and‑scoot” tactics. Modern artillery engagements demand mobility to avoid counter‑battery fire, and this platform is intended to provide that capability. Survivability against enemy threats is directly linked to the ability to reposition quickly after engagement.

This initiative aligns with India’s broader push for indigenous defence solutions. Similar efforts have been seen in platforms such as the Kalyani Strategic Systems’ MArG series, which mounted 155 mm artillery guns on 4×4 vehicles, breaking traditional limitations of towed systems.

The proposed mobility platform complements such innovations by providing dedicated towing and relocation capability for conventional field artillery.

The program is expected to attract participation from leading defence manufacturers, including Bharat Forge, Tata Advanced Systems, and other private players with expertise in mobility solutions. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) may also play a role in integrating advanced control systems and remote operation technologies.

Operational flexibility is a central theme. The platform must be deployable in varied environments, from plains to high‑altitude regions, and must support rapid integration with existing artillery regiments. 

Its design will likely incorporate modular features to adapt to different gun systems and battlefield requirements.

The Army’s specifications highlight a balance between power, mobility, and survivability. By mandating remote operation, gradient capability, and defined speed and range, the requirements ensure that the platform will be a practical solution for modern artillery warfare.

Vendors will need to demonstrate engineering innovation and reliability to meet these stringent demands.

This initiative underscores India’s commitment to strengthening its artillery regiments with indigenous, mobile, and survivable solutions. The dedicated mobility platform will be a critical enabler for rapid artillery deployment and repositioning, enhancing the Army’s operational effectiveness in future conflicts.

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Pakistan’s 750‑Km Airspace Closure Fuels Fatah‑3 Missile Test Speculation

Pakistan’s imposition of a 750‑km airspace and maritime exclusion zone across Punjab, Sindh and coastal Balochistan has triggered intense speculation that it is preparing for a test of the newly unveiled Fatah‑3 supersonic cruise missile.

The scale of the restriction, including the Somiani firing range, is unusually large and has drawn close scrutiny from defence observers in India and abroad.

Pakistan issued Notices to Airmen covering a corridor of roughly 750 kilometres, extending across multiple provinces and maritime areas facing the Arabian Sea. The inclusion of the Somiani firing range is significant because it is a long‑established missile testing site equipped with radars, telemetry and tracking infrastructure.

Such a broad exclusion zone is not typical of routine artillery or short‑range rocket exercises, leading analysts to suspect preparations for a high‑speed missile test.

The speculation centres on the Fatah‑3, a supersonic cruise missile unveiled earlier this year by Pakistan’s Army Rocket Force Command. The missile is reported to employ solid‑fuel ducted ramjet propulsion, a technology associated with China’s HD‑1 program.

It is designed to fly at speeds between Mach 2.5 and Mach 4, with low‑altitude terrain‑following capability. Its estimated range lies between 290 and 450 kilometres, enabling both land‑attack and maritime strike missions. Reports suggest it could carry a warhead of around 240 kilograms and employ guidance systems suitable for multiple targeting modes.

The Fatah family has become central to Pakistan’s effort to build an indigenous conventional precision‑strike arsenal. Earlier variants such as Fatah‑1 and Fatah‑2 are guided rocket systems, while the Fatah‑4 is a ground‑launched cruise missile with a reported range of 750 kilometres.

The Fatah‑5 has been announced but remains untested publicly. The creation of the Army Rocket Force Command reflects Islamabad’s intent to consolidate long‑range strike capabilities outside of its air force, giving the military options for conventional deterrence without nuclear escalation.

Observers note that the Fatah‑3 bears similarities to India’s BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, which also combines high speed with low‑altitude flight to compress adversary reaction times.

A successful test of the Fatah‑3 would therefore represent a significant addition to Pakistan’s conventional strike posture, complicating India’s air defence planning. Supersonic cruise missiles reduce detection and interception windows, posing challenges to radar coverage and missile defence systems.

Pakistan has not officially confirmed that the current restrictions are linked to a Fatah‑3 test. Notices to Airmen can be issued for a variety of reasons, including military exercises or other hazardous activities. However, the geographic scale and timing of the exclusion zone have fuelled speculation.

Analysts caution that the size of the restricted area alone cannot conclusively identify the weapon involved, but the coincidence with the unveiling of the Fatah‑3 has made it the prime candidate.

The restrictions come amid heightened regional tensions. Recent remarks by the US Ambassador to India on Jammu and Kashmir have added diplomatic context to the speculation. For India, any activity linked to the Fatah‑3 will be closely monitored, as the system’s capabilities could alter conventional strike balances in South Asia.

The development underscores the accelerating pace of missile modernisation in the region, where both India and Pakistan are pursuing advanced precision‑strike programs.

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Paras Defence Expects Export Revenues To Double In FY27 Amid Global Conflict-Driven Demand

According to a report by Reuters, India’s Paras Defence has projected a sharp rise in its export revenues for fiscal 2027, with expectations of at least doubling compared to the previous year.

The company’s Technical and R&D Director Amit Mahajan explained that escalating geopolitical tensions, particularly the ongoing Middle East conflict, have fuelled demand for its defence engineering products.

Governments across regions are increasing defence budgets, creating a surge in orders for military equipment and specialised components.

Paras Defence, headquartered in Mumbai, anticipates exports to reach between ₹1.2 billion and ₹1.3 billion this fiscal year, compared to ₹500 million to ₹600 million in fiscal 2026.

This marks a significant leap in its international business footprint. Exports accounted for about 10% of the company’s revenue last year, but the firm expects this share to grow substantially as demand intensifies.

Overall revenue is also forecast to rise to between ₹6 billion and ₹6.5 billion in fiscal 2027, up from ₹4.77 billion in the previous year. Orders from Israel and the United Arab Emirates have already increased, while demand from France and Germany has also strengthened.

European countries are accelerating military spending and diversifying supply chains amid concerns about overdependence on U.S. suppliers. Mahajan noted that while regional demand has grown, the company is not targeting specific geographies, preferring to remain flexible in its export approach.

Paras Defence specialises in optical and electro-optics systems for defence and space applications. Its portfolio includes infrared lenses, anti-drone equipment, and border-surveillance systems.

The company’s primary customers are state-run and private Indian defence firms such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This domestic base provides a strong foundation for its expanding export operations.

India’s defence exports as a whole grew by 62% to $4.1 billion in fiscal 2026, with explosives forming the bulk of shipments. Within the niche of optics and electro-optics, Paras Defence faces limited competition, with state-owned Bharat Electronics being the only major rival. Industry analysts have highlighted Paras’s unique positioning in this specialised segment.

Investor interest in the defence sector has surged in 2026. The Nifty India Defence index, which includes Paras Defence, has gained 27% this year, contrasting sharply with a 7% decline in the benchmark Nifty 50.

Since the outbreak of the Iran war in late February, the defence index has risen nearly 21%, reflecting strong investor confidence in the sector’s growth prospects.

Paras Defence’s expansion underscores the broader transformation of India’s defence industry, which is increasingly recognised as a global supplier of advanced military technologies. With rising demand from both traditional and new markets, the company is poised to play a larger role in India’s export growth story.

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PM Modi Assures Space Start-Ups of Support, Highlights India’s Innovative And Commercially Viable Model

Prime Minister Narendra Modi met founders and CEOs of twenty Indian space start-ups, praising their courage to enter a demanding domain and assuring them of continued government support.

He emphasised that India can build a strong, innovative and commercially viable model for the world, while urging entrepreneurs to expand applications of space technology into agriculture, environment, education and everyday life.

The meeting took place at Seva Teerth, where Modi interacted with leaders of companies such as Skyroot Aerospace, Agnikul Cosmos, Pixxel, Dhruva Space, GalaxEye, PierSight, Bellatrix Aerospace, Digantara, SatSure, Suhora Technologies, Manastu Space, Astrobase, TakeMe2Space, VyomIC, Cosmoserve Space, OrbitAID Aerospace, SkyServe, Serendipity Space, Vassar Labs and mistEO. These firms are engaged in diverse fields including rockets, reusable semi‑cryogenic launch vehicles, satellites, avionics, advanced propulsion systems, space debris removal, defence intelligence, and AI‑powered weather and climate solutions.

The entrepreneurs highlighted the rapid progress of India’s private space industry, noting that they have indigenously developed critical technologies with determination and strong teamwork.

They expressed gratitude for government support and acknowledged the enthusiasm generated since the sector was opened to private participation in 2020. Several companies abroad have already shown interest in adopting technologies developed by India’s emerging private space industry.

Modi congratulated the innovators for taking risks and trusting the reform process. He said their confidence has strengthened the vision behind opening the sector to private players. He noted that many countries either cannot or do not wish to invest in space, which gives India a major opportunity to strengthen its global position.

He encouraged start-ups to explore new applications of their technologies to make people’s lives easier, citing agriculture, livestock management, dairy, and environmental monitoring as areas where space technology can have immense impact.

He also called for greater collaboration between space companies and other sectors, suggesting that firms working on space debris could partner with environmental organisations to scale up their technologies. Modi urged closer engagement with Atal Tinkering Labs to nurture curiosity and interest among young students, thereby building a pipeline of future innovators.

He emphasised that India’s space sector can become a magnet for global talent, companies and investment, and suggested creating an ecosystem where the world looks towards India whenever space is mentioned.

The CEOs and founders shared their vision for the future, underlining their determination to achieve ambitious goals. They noted that their teams are highly motivated and working consistently to build capabilities that will contribute to India’s national space ambitions.

PM Modi assured them that the government will continue to stand with start-ups as they build India’s capabilities for the future. He reiterated that India can offer the world a strong, innovative and commercially viable model in the space sector.

This interaction reflects the government’s commitment to nurturing private participation in space, building on reforms that have already led to significant investment, technological breakthroughs and global partnerships. The meeting reinforced the synergy between national policy and entrepreneurial energy, positioning India’s space industry as a rising force in the global economy.

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From UNICORN To Frigates: Joint Warship Design & Manufacturing On Cards

India and Japan are moving forward with a new phase of maritime cooperation, placing particular emphasis on warship building, mine countermeasures and ship repair facilities.

The discussions between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Japanese counterpart Shinjiro Koizumi in New Delhi underscored the shared commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific.

Singh welcomed Japan’s recent review of its framework for defence equipment and technology transfer. He expressed confidence that this would pave the way for future joint projects, particularly in naval shipbuilding and advanced maritime systems.

During the visit, which also included a tour of naval facilities in Mumbai, the two sides signed a Memorandum of Arrangement on Maritime Security Cooperation. The agreement provides a structured framework for advancing cooperation between the Indian Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.

The memorandum covers enhanced information sharing in Maritime Domain Awareness, as well as expanded collaboration in Search and Rescue and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief. Both nations view these areas as critical to ensuring maritime safety and stability in the Indo-Pacific.

On technical cooperation, the two sides agreed to maximise synergies in mine countermeasures. They also explored opportunities for joint development in naval shipbuilding and design, combining Japan’s advanced technological expertise with India’s large-scale production capabilities.

Officials highlighted the idea of integrating Japan’s design strengths with India’s cost-effective manufacturing base. This synergy could lead to the creation of naval platforms suitable for both nations and potentially for export to friendly countries.

Progress is also expected in reciprocal ship repair facilities. This would allow Indian and Japanese warships to access each other’s dockyards, enhancing operational readiness and reducing logistical challenges.

To advance these initiatives, a working group will be established, headed by a director general or joint secretary-level official. The group will oversee cooperation across operational, intelligence, equipment, technology and industrial domains.

A defence industry forum is also planned, which will bring together stakeholders from both nations to deepen industrial collaboration and accelerate joint projects.

On the geopolitical front, both sides expressed strong opposition to unilateral actions that threaten freedom of navigation and overflight. They also rejected attempts to alter the status quo through force or coercion, signalling a united stance against destabilising activities in the region.

This convergence of interests reflects a broader strategic alignment between India and Japan. By combining design innovation with manufacturing scale, both nations aim to strengthen their maritime capabilities while contributing to regional stability.

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India And Japan Warn Beijing Against Unilateral Actions In Indo-Pacific Impeding Freedom of Navigation

A fleet of Indian Navy's stealth warships securing the shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean region

India and Japan on Thursday signed a maritime security pact in New Delhi, signalling a significant deepening of their defence cooperation. The agreement was formalised during talks between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Japanese counterpart Shinjiro Koizumi at the Manekshaw Centre.

The two ministers reaffirmed their commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific, stressing the importance of safeguarding freedom of navigation and overflight. They expressed strong opposition to unilateral actions that attempt to alter the status quo by force or coercion.

The remarks were widely interpreted as an implicit message to Beijing, given China’s growing military assertiveness in the South and East China Seas. Both India and Japan have consistently voiced concern over such developments.

The pact provides a framework for advancing maritime security cooperation between the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force and the Indian Navy. It includes enhanced information sharing in maritime domain awareness, as well as cooperation in search and rescue operations.

Singh and Koizumi agreed to move swiftly towards concrete maritime cooperation. They emphasised maximising synergies to strengthen mine countermeasure capabilities and exploring joint development in naval shipbuilding and design. Japan’s technological expertise and India’s production capabilities were identified as complementary strengths.

The two sides also agreed to promote cooperation through the Indo-Pacific Logistics Network. This mechanism will support partner countries during natural disasters, enhancing regional resilience and humanitarian assistance.

The ministers concurred on deepening cooperation with third countries. They highlighted the importance of high-level exchanges, joint exercises, and other initiatives to contribute to peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.

They also underlined the importance of sharing assessments of the regional and international security environment. This was deemed vital at a time of heightened global tensions.

The talks resulted in the establishment of a working group at the director-general and joint secretary level. This body will coordinate cooperation across operational, intelligence, equipment, technology, and industrial domains. It will ensure synergies are maximised and implementation accelerated.

Both sides agreed to strengthen coordination for the protection of sea lines of communication. This will involve mutual visits by naval ships and units, joint exercises, exchanges of personnel and subject matter experts, and logistical support including port usage, maintenance, and repair facilities.

Singh and Koizumi shared the view that defence shipbuilding should be a priority area. Japan’s use of India’s production capabilities under the Make in India initiative was discussed as a way to deepen collaboration.

The ministers also agreed to progress reciprocal provision of ship repair facilities. They noted that a formal ship repair arrangement would be concluded in the near future.

Singh welcomed Japan’s recent review of its framework for defence equipment and technology transfer. He expressed confidence that Japan would contribute further to peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and globally.

The shipborne UNICORN integrated communications antenna system project was highlighted as a landmark initiative.

As the first defence equipment transfer project between India and Japan, it symbolises the growing partnership in defence technology. Both ministers affirmed their commitment to its early realisation.

The joint statement concluded by emphasising that such cooperation is vital not only for India and Japan but also for the wider region and international community.

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Newtrace Pioneers Advanced Electrodes To Revolutionise Global Green Hydrogen Production

Newtrace, a Bangalore-based deep-tech climate start-up founded in 2021, is pioneering advanced electrode and stack technologies to make green hydrogen production cheaper, more efficient, and independent of rare earth metals.

The company recently secured $6.3 million in Pre-Series A funding to scale its innovations, positioning itself as a critical player in India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission.

Newtrace has established itself as one of the very few companies globally capable of building advanced membrane chemistry, a feat achieved by only three other firms worldwide. This breakthrough underpins its proprietary innovations that aim to transform the economics of green hydrogen production.

The company’s flagship product, VoltaGen, is a high-performance coated cathode designed for alkaline electrolyzers. It delivers high energy efficiency without relying on precious or rare earth metals. VoltaGen is engineered as a drop-in replacement for existing electrodes, enabling electrolyzer manufacturers and hydrogen producers to upgrade performance without redesigning their infrastructure. 

This innovation directly addresses the cost and durability challenges that have long hindered green hydrogen adoption.

Alongside VoltaGen, Newtrace has developed Alkaline Electrolyzer Systems, which are end-to-end proprietary stacks designed for high-current, renewable-powered water splitting. These systems are built to operate at industrial scale, ensuring reliable performance under demanding conditions. The company has also commercialised membraneless electrolyzer technology, further diversifying its innovation platform.

A central focus of Newtrace’s work is reducing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) of green hydrogen production. Its technologies are designed to lower overall costs by up to 60%, while bypassing restrictive international supply chains. This approach not only enhances affordability but also strengthens India’s strategic independence in clean energy technology.

Founded by Prasanta Sarkar and Rochan Sinha, Newtrace benefits from their deep expertise in electrochemistry, materials science, and industrial-scale technology development.

The company operates from a 30,000-square-foot technology centre in Bengaluru, staffed by more than 45 engineers and scientists. It continues to expand its intellectual property portfolio through multiple patent applications, reinforcing its leadership in the sector.

Newtrace’s innovations have gained recognition under India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission, which targets the production of 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030. The company showcased its technology before Prime Minister Narendra Modi during National Startup Day 2026, highlighting its role in India’s clean energy transition.

The global green hydrogen market is projected to reach $38.1 billion by 2029 and expand to $1.4 trillion annually by 2050. Yet, less than 1 percent of hydrogen produced worldwide today is green, with costs ranging between $4 and $10 per kilogram—more than double the cost of conventional grey hydrogen.

Newtrace’s innovations directly tackle this cost barrier by addressing inefficiencies in the electrolyzer stack, particularly at the electrode level where most performance losses occur.

The newly raised capital will support pilot-scale manufacturing, customer validation, supply agreements, and expansion of engineering capabilities. Newtrace expects to begin initial commercial deliveries of VoltaGen electrodes within the next 12 months, marking a significant step towards industrial-scale deployment.

By focusing on materials innovation, scalable manufacturing, and supply chain independence, Newtrace is positioning itself as a cornerstone of India’s hydrogen economy and a global leader in advanced electrolyzer technology. Its work represents a decisive move from proving scientific concepts to delivering commercially viable solutions for the hydrogen industry.

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IISc And DRDO Launch HybridNet To Detect Fake News Using Multimodal AI

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science and the Defence Research and Development Organisation have unveiled HybridNet, a multimodal framework designed to detect fake news by identifying mismatches between text and images.

The system represents a significant step in the fight against misinformation, particularly in an era where manipulated content spreads rapidly across digital platforms.

HybridNet’s core approach is to treat open-source Vision Language Models as reasoning tools rather than conventional classifiers.

This allows the framework to move beyond simple labelling and instead perform deeper logical checks on the consistency of multimodal content. By leveraging reasoning capabilities, the system can provide more reliable authenticity assessments.

The framework runs a three-stage consistency check. First, it examines image-text alignment to determine whether the visual content matches the accompanying narrative.

Second, it performs image-image comparisons to detect duplication, manipulation, or inconsistencies across visual datasets.

Third, it conducts text-text checks to identify contradictions or semantic mismatches within the written content itself. This layered approach ensures that HybridNet can capture subtle discrepancies that single-modality systems often miss.

HybridNet is designed to be lightweight. It distils observations into a compact classifier that generates clear, human-readable explanations alongside authenticity scores. This transparency is critical, as it allows analysts and end-users to understand why a particular piece of content has been flagged as suspicious, rather than relying on opaque machine outputs.

The system also incorporates active learning to reduce the burden of data annotation. By intelligently selecting which samples require labelling, HybridNet maintains high accuracy while using labels for less than half of the training data. This efficiency makes the framework more practical for large-scale deployment, where manual annotation is often a bottleneck.

Beyond its technical design, HybridNet reflects a broader push by IISc and DRDO to develop indigenous AI solutions for national security and information integrity. The framework is particularly relevant in the context of defence and strategic communication, where misinformation campaigns can have serious consequences.

By combining multimodal reasoning with efficient learning strategies, HybridNet positions itself as a robust tool against adversarial information operations.

This initiative also aligns with India’s wider focus on artificial intelligence for defence applications. DRDO has previously emphasised the importance of trusted indigenous AI systems, particularly in areas such as cyber defence and threat intelligence.

HybridNet complements these efforts by addressing the information warfare dimension, ensuring that fake news detection is not only accurate but also explainable and resource-efficient.

The project demonstrates how academic institutions and defence organisations can collaborate to tackle pressing technological challenges. IISc’s expertise in advanced AI research and DRDO’s focus on national security applications create a synergy that strengthens India’s capability to counter misinformation.

HybridNet is therefore not just a technical achievement but also a strategic milestone in safeguarding information ecosystems.

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Pakistan Assembly Formalises Asim Munir’s Expanded Military Control

Pakistan’s National Assembly has passed two significant bills designed to formalise sweeping changes in the country’s military and nuclear command structures.

These legislative measures follow last year’s 27th constitutional amendment, which introduced the office of Chief of Defence Forces by abolishing the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.

The position of Chief of Defence Forces is currently held by Field Marshal Asim Munir, who also serves as Chief of Army Staff.

The new bills aim to streamline the military hierarchy and integrate strategic forces under a centralised framework. One of the bills also provides for the establishment of a Defence Forces Headquarters, which will serve as the unified headquarters of the Armed Forces.

The Chief of Defence Forces will act as the principal military advisor to the prime minister on national security, defence, and all matters relating to the armed forces.

The legislation also introduced the post of Commander of the National Strategic Command, a four-star office overseeing the operational integration of Pakistan’s strategic forces. General Syed Aamer Raza, promoted last month from lieutenant general, has been appointed as the first Commander of the National Strategic Command. His appointment reflects the broader restructuring of Pakistan’s defence architecture.

Defence Minister Khawaja Asif presented the bills in the National Assembly, with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif present during the session. A statement from the Prime Minister’s Office explained that the bills were prepared as a continuation of constitutional changes made under the 27th amendment.

The Defence Forces of Pakistan Act, 2026, aims to determine administrative matters regarding the office of the Chief of Defence Forces and the Defence Forces Headquarters. Amendments to the National Command Authority Act, 2010, were described as a necessary process following the constitutional changes.

According to drafts seen by the Dawn newspaper, the Defence Forces Act is designed to give effect to the Chief of Defence Forces’ role as commander of the armed forces. It seeks to ensure multi-domain integration, restructuring, and optimum jointness of the armed forces.

The headquarters will be under the command of the Chief of Defence Forces, who will have operational command and control of the armed forces and will be responsible to the federal government for matters of command and control.

The draft outlines extensive powers for the Chief of Defence Forces. These include authority to retire, release, accept or reject resignations, discharge from service, retain in service, or relax age or service limits of retirement for those subject to armed forces law, though not for those appointed under Article 243.

The Chief of Defence Forces may also exercise other powers and perform functions as prescribed by the federal government. Both the government and the Chief of Defence Forces may issue instructions and amend rules and regulations to ensure the provisions of the act are implemented.

The draft further provides that if any difficulty or inconsistency arises, the president may issue an order to remove such difficulty.

The bills must now be passed by the Senate before being sent to the president for approval to become law.

This legislative process marks a decisive step in consolidating military authority under Asim Munir, giving him sweeping control over Pakistan’s armed forces and strategic command structures.

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Amit Shah In Siliguri To Review Border Security And Address Gorkha Issues

Union Home Minister Amit Shah is in Siliguri today for a series of engagements centred on border security, infrastructure development, and outreach to local communities.

His visit forms part of a broader three‑day program in north Bengal, reflecting the Centre’s focus on reinforcing security coordination in strategically sensitive regions while also addressing long‑standing political demands in the Darjeeling hills.

Shah began his day at the Sashastra Seema Bal Frontier Headquarters in Siliguri at around 11.15 am. There, he inaugurated several infrastructure projects designed to strengthen the operational capabilities of the SSB.

He also interacted with personnel and joined them in a traditional ‘Bara Khana’, underscoring the government’s emphasis on welfare and morale within the forces.

Later in the afternoon, Shah visited Kawakhali Ground at 2.30 pm to attend an exhibition on India’s three new criminal laws.

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act. The exhibition, titled ‘Five Pillars:

Transformed Justice System’, will run until 26 August and aims to familiarise citizens with the new criminal justice framework. Following the exhibition, Shah is scheduled to address a public meeting, accompanied by Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari.

Siliguri’s strategic location near the borders with Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, as well as its proximity to the Siliguri Corridor—popularly known as the “Chicken’s Neck”—makes the visit particularly significant.

This narrow stretch of land connects the northeastern states with the rest of India, and its security is vital for national integration and defence preparedness.

Shah arrived at Bagdogra airport on Thursday evening and is expected to attend several security‑related meetings during his stay. A high‑level border security review meeting is planned for Saturday, focusing on coordination among the Border Security Force, Sashastra Seema Bal, intelligence agencies, and state authorities. The discussions will aim to strengthen surveillance, improve intelligence sharing, and enhance inter‑agency cooperation.

On Saturday, Shah will also meet public representatives from the Darjeeling hills to discuss a “permanent political solution” to the longstanding issues of the Gorkha and other communities.

The Darjeeling region has witnessed decades of agitation for a separate Gorkhaland state. The Left Front government had earlier attempted to address the issue through the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, while the Trinamool Congress government later established the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration. Shah’s pre‑poll assurances of a permanent solution have raised expectations of greater political and economic stability in the hills.

The meeting is expected to be attended by Gorkha Janmukti Morcha president Bimal Gurung, its general secretary Roshan Giri, and State Minister of State for Finance and Transport Anandamoy Barman.

Their participation highlights the importance of dialogue between the Centre and local leadership in resolving long‑standing demands.

Shah’s packed schedule in north Bengal reflects a dual focus: reinforcing border security in a strategically sensitive region and engaging with political aspirations in the Darjeeling hills.

The Centre’s approach combines infrastructure development, personnel welfare, legal awareness, and political dialogue, signalling a comprehensive strategy to strengthen both security and stability in the region.

Agencies

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Beijing Deploys 700-Strong Naval Force Near Suez Route Amid Pakistan–Somalia Defence Push

China has deployed its 49th naval escort fleet with three warships, two helicopters and over 700 personnel to the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea corridor, while African states have announced a new anti‑piracy task force under the Djibouti Code of Conduct, Business Insider Africa reported.

These parallel moves highlight intensifying maritime security efforts around one of the world’s most strategic shipping gateways.

China’s 49th escort fleet departed Sanya on 12 August, comprising the guided‑missile destroyer Kunming, guided‑missile frigate Yueyang and comprehensive supply ship Luomahu. The fleet also carries two shipborne helicopters and dozens of special operations personnel.

This deployment replaces the 48th escort fleet and continues Beijing’s regular naval presence in the region. For the Kunming, this marks its first Gulf of Aden escort mission. The composition provides China with a mix of combat, aviation and logistical capabilities, enabling prolonged operations in high‑risk waters.

The deployment underscores China’s sustained naval presence since 2008, when it began regular escort missions in the Gulf of Aden and waters off Somalia. Over nearly two decades, Chinese naval forces have escorted thousands of vessels, rescued ships in distress and supported evacuations from conflict zones.

The latest mission reflects Beijing’s commitment to safeguarding global shipping routes and maintaining influence in strategic maritime corridors. The Kunming, a Type 052D destroyer, is equipped with advanced air defence and anti‑surface warfare systems, enhancing the fleet’s operational reach.

At the same time, African states are developing a new regional mechanism to counter piracy. Signatories to the Djibouti Code of Conduct/Jeddah Amendment have agreed to establish a Combined DCoC Task Force.

The initiative was announced by Chairperson Metse Ralephenya, who emphasised that renewed attacks on ships in the Western Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden require a collective regional response. The task force will allow coastal states to coordinate maritime operations, strengthen protection for shipping and seafarers, and reinforce regional ownership of maritime security.

Ralephenya noted that the resurgence of piracy demonstrates that the underlying conditions enabling such activity have not been fully eliminated, despite progress over the past decade. He stressed the need for sustained vigilance, stronger regional ownership and practical operational cooperation among coastal states.

The proposed force will operate under Working Group 3 on Operational Coordination and Cooperation at Sea. It is intended to complement, rather than duplicate, existing international maritime‑security operations such as the Combined Maritime Forces, Combined Task Force 151, EU NAVFOR and independently deployed naval forces.

The task force is not yet fully operational. Its final composition and the number and types of naval assets participating countries will provide remain to be determined.

Nonetheless, the initiative represents a significant step towards regional cooperation against piracy and armed robbery. It also reflects growing recognition that African states must play a more active role in securing their maritime domain.

The renewed piracy threat has emerged after years of declining attacks. Recent incidents have raised concern over seafarers being held captive aboard vessels, prompting calls for their immediate and unconditional release.

The instability around the Red Sea and Bab al‑Mandab Strait has further heightened anxieties, given the corridor’s importance for global trade and energy flows. The strait connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea, making it one of the world’s most critical shipping routes.

Together, these developments point to a layered security response around the Red Sea gateway. On one hand, African states are seeking to strengthen regional ownership through a new task force.

On the other, China continues its established naval operations, demonstrating continuity of its maritime commitment. The convergence of regional and international efforts reflects the urgency of protecting shipping and seafarers as piracy once again threatens global commerce.

Agencies

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USCIS Announces Strict Transition To New Green Card Application Form From September 18

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services has announced that a revised edition of Form I-485, the Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, will be released on 18 September 2026.

This form is the primary instrument used by eligible individuals already residing in the United States to apply for lawful permanent resident status, commonly referred to as a Green Card.

The agency has made clear that the updated edition will entirely replace the version dated 20 January 2025. Any submissions using the older form after the effective date will be rejected outright. USCIS has emphasised that there will be no grace period during which both versions are accepted. Applicants must therefore ensure that the edition they file corresponds precisely with the date of submission, whether by postmark or electronic transmission.

The preview of the new form and its accompanying guidance has already been made available to applicants and legal representatives. USCIS has cautioned that submitting the new edition before its effective date will also result in rejection. The September 18 version will only be processed if filed on or after that date. This strict transition underscores the importance of timing in the application process, as presenting an outdated edition could lead to immediate dismissal before any substantive evaluation.

The updated Form I-485 has been designed to align adjustment-of-status procedures with the recently finalised rule concerning public-charge grounds of inadmissibility. This rule assesses whether an applicant is likely to rely primarily on government assistance for livelihood. The public-charge criteria have been subject to varying interpretations across successive administrations and remain a contentious element of immigration policy.

USCIS has confirmed that no changes are being introduced to filing fees or submission timelines in this update. Applicants are advised to consult the Form I-485 web page to access the preview version and detailed instructions. The agency has reiterated that the submission date is critical, and legal counsel must exercise diligence to avoid procedural errors.

Indian nationals are expected to pay close attention to these changes, given their significant representation in employment-based immigration categories. Professionals in technology, medicine, engineering, and other specialised fields often face prolonged backlogs due to annual per-country caps on immigrant visas. For many, the adjustment-of-status process represents a crucial step towards permanent residency.

Applicants filing Form I-485 may also request concurrent employment and travel authorisation while their applications are under review. This provision allows individuals to continue working and travelling internationally during the adjudication period, offering a measure of stability amidst the lengthy processing timelines.

The announcement highlights the importance of precision and compliance in immigration procedures. For Indian professionals and families navigating the complex US immigration system, the updated rules reinforce the need for careful preparation and timely submission to avoid setbacks in the pursuit of permanent residency.

ANI

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USS Abraham Lincoln Departs Middle East After Record Deployment of 9 Months Amid Crew Welfare Concerns

The USS Abraham Lincoln has finally departed the Middle East after a record-breaking nine-month deployment, marked by crew exhaustion, mental health concerns, and supply shortages.

The Japan-based USS George Washington has arrived to assume operational duties, while families and lawmakers continue to press for accountability over the conditions endured by sailors.

The USS Abraham Lincoln has begun its return voyage to San Diego after more than 260 days at sea. The deployment was extended due to the US war against Iran, which began in late February 2026.

The carrier served as a primary launchpad for thousands of air sorties, significantly increasing the operational burden on its crew of approximately 5,000 sailors and Marines.

The ship left San Diego on 21 November 2025 and was redirected to the Middle East in January 2026. Its mission included supporting the US bombing campaign “Epic Fury” and enforcing a naval blockade of Iranian ports.

The prolonged deployment was exacerbated by logistical challenges, including damage to a US Navy logistics hub in Bahrain, which disrupted supply chains and left the crew facing shortages of food, water, and hygiene products. Families reported mould in living quarters, plumbing failures, and months-long delays in mail delivery.

Relatives of sailors voiced growing concerns about mental health, fatigue, and emotional strain. Reports emerged of sailors contemplating or attempting suicide, though official figures were not released. On 3 August, a sailor fell overboard but was rescued.

Navy officials insisted there had been no documented rise in suicide attempts or suicidal ideation, but families described conditions as grim, with sailors hungry, losing weight, and sometimes without hot water for days.

Democratic lawmakers, including Senator Richard Blumenthal, demanded answers from Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth and Acting Navy Secretary Hung Cao. They cited reports of deteriorating morale, safety concerns on the flight deck, and worsening mental health.

Hegseth dismissed these accounts as “completely misrepresented,” while Cao accused media coverage of dishonesty. President Donald Trump also rejected claims that the deployment was excessively long, stating on 14 August that “not nearly long enough” had been spent at sea.

Admiral Brad Cooper, head of US Central Command, visited the Lincoln on 16 August and praised the crew’s resilience, describing the visit as “awe-inspiring.” He claimed the ship recorded the lowest number of documented mental health cases among the Navy’s 11 active carriers, attributing this to leadership prioritising welfare.

However, he acknowledged the severe strain of extended deployments, noting that stress manifests differently among individuals.

The USS George Washington, normally based in Japan, has now arrived in the Middle East to relieve the Lincoln. It travelled from Da Nang, Vietnam, through the Singapore Strait and Strait of Malacca before entering the Indian Ocean.

Its redeployment leaves the Pacific temporarily without a US carrier presence, raising concerns about deterrence against China.

The Lincoln’s return journey to San Diego is expected to take about three weeks. Families expressed immense relief at the ship’s departure, with parents like Jefferson Kelley eagerly awaiting the return of their children after months of uncertainty. The episode has highlighted the broader strain on US naval forces, with extended deployments increasingly testing both equipment and personnel.

ANI

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